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Optics Communications

Deep cooling of three-level atoms in two standing waves

Soo Chang, B. M. Garraway, Vladimir G. Minogin

Published Jun 1, 1990• 18 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0030-4018(90)90453-z

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We show that a three-level atom in the cascade configuration can be stably trapped and cooled in one dimension by an intense bichromatic standing wave. At the two-photon resonance, rectified dipole forces result in a deep potential well which can be used to localize the atoms in space. In the vicinity of the rectified potential minimum, the spatial dependence of the dressed state energies can lead to a velocity dependence of the force which produces damping of the atomic motion. Consideration of the heating effects of momentum diffusion indicates that cooling and stable trapping at low temperatures is possible in such a bichromatic field.
This paper discusses the possibility of implementing nanostructures about 1nm across when an atomic beam is focused in an external potential field. It is shown that, to obtain such a transverse size of a beam of atoms, the atoms must be cooled at right angles to the propagation axis substantially below the temperature determined by the output energy. This paper therefore proposes a new mechanism for the deep cooling of atoms, based on the Raman excitation of three-level atoms by a field of standing waves with a relative spatial shift. The advantage of this cooling mechanism is the weak sensitivity to the shape and width of the light pulses.