Physical Review A

Isotope-selective trapping of doubly charged Yb ions

Martin M. Schauer, James R. Danielson, D. Feldbaum, Mohamad S Rahaman, Li-Bang Wang, J. Zhang, Xinxin Zhao, Justin R. Torgerson

Published Dec 27, 2010• 10 citations

Publisher

Abstract

We report isotope-selective loading and trapping of doubly ionized ytterbium into an rf quadrupole trap. Isotopically pure clouds of $^{174}\mathrm{Yb}$${}^{+}$ ions were first loaded into the rf trap via a multistage photoionization process. The Yb${}^{2+}$ ions were then produced by electron impact ionization of the trapped Yb${}^{+}$ ions. The Yb${}^{2+}$ ions were subsequently detected by rf excitation of their secular motion in the trap, which led to sympathetic heating and changes in the fluorescence of the laser-cooled Yb${}^{+}$ ions. The presence of doubly charged Yb ions was further verified by the appearance of a dark band in the center of Yb${}^{+}$ ion cloud after electron impact ionization. We discuss the possible formation of Yb${}^{2+}$H and similar compounds and the schemes for the direct optical detection of the Yb${}^{2+}$ ions.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.82.062518

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Physical Review A

Isotope-selective trapping of doubly charged Yb ions

Martin M. Schauer, James R. Danielson, D. Feldbaum, Mohamad S Rahaman, Li-Bang Wang, J. Zhang, Xinxin Zhao, Justin R. Torgerson

Published Dec 27, 2010• 10 citations

Publisher

Abstract

We report isotope-selective loading and trapping of doubly ionized ytterbium into an rf quadrupole trap. Isotopically pure clouds of

^{174}\mathrm{Yb}$${}^{+}

ions were first loaded into the rf trap via a multistage photoionization process. The Yb

{}^{2+}

ions were then produced by electron impact ionization of the trapped Yb

{}^{+}

ions. The Yb

{}^{2+}

ions were subsequently detected by rf excitation of their secular motion in the trap, which led to sympathetic heating and changes in the fluorescence of the laser-cooled Yb

{}^{+}

ions. The presence of doubly charged Yb ions was further verified by the appearance of a dark band in the center of Yb

{}^{+}

ion cloud after electron impact ionization. We discuss the possible formation of Yb

{}^{2+}

H and similar compounds and the schemes for the direct optical detection of the Yb

{}^{2+}

ions.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.82.062518

Related papers

Isotope Selective Trapping of Singly and Doubly Charged Yb Ions in an RF Trap

Jeremy R. Danielson, Martin M. Schauer, Saidur Rahaman +5 more

Conference on Lasers and Electro-OpticsJan 1, 20100 citations

Bright source of cold ions for surface-electrode traps

Marko Cetina, Andrew T. Grier, Jonathan Campbell +2 more

We produce large numbers of low-energy ions by photoionization of laser-cooled atoms inside a surface-electrode-based Paul trap. The isotope-selective trap's loading rate of $4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{Yb}}^{+}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ions}∕\mathrm{s}$ exceeds that attained by photoionization (electron-impact ionization) of an atomic beam by three (six) orders of magnitude. Traps as shallow as $0.13\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ are easily loaded with this technique. The ions are confined in the same spatial region as the laser-cooled atoms, which will allow the experimental investigation of interactions between cold ions and cold atoms or Bose-Einstein condensates.We produce large numbers of low-energy ions by photoionization of laser-cooled atoms inside a surface-electrode-based Paul trap. The isotope-selective trap's loading rate of $4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{5}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{Yb}}^{+}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ions}∕\mathrm{s}$ exceeds that attained by photoionization (electron-impact ionization) of an atomic beam by three (six) orders of magnitude. Traps as shallow as $0.13\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ are easily loaded with this technique. The ions are confined in the same spatial region as the laser-cooled atoms, which will allow the experimental investigation of interactions between cold ions and cold atoms or Bose-Einstein condensates.

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We demonstrate laser cooling of Yb/sup +/, produced by ionization of a natural isotope mixture, stored in an RF trap. One of the three major even isotopes was directly laser cooled and other isotopes were simultaneously trapped as a result of sympathetic cooling. It was possible to carry out laser cooling to the temperature at which the cloud-to-crystal phase transition occurs for /sup 174/Yb/sup +/, as observed in the case where enriched isotopes are used. We observed sudden drops of fluorescence owing to pumping to the /sup 2/F/sub 7/2/ state in the case of a small number of trapped Yb/sup +/ ions.>We demonstrate laser cooling of Yb/sup +/, produced by ionization of a natural isotope mixture, stored in an RF trap. One of the three major even isotopes was directly laser cooled and other isotopes were simultaneously trapped as a result of sympathetic cooling. It was possible to carry out laser cooling to the temperature at which the cloud-to-crystal phase transition occurs for /sup 174/Yb/sup +/, as observed in the case where enriched isotopes are used. We observed sudden drops of fluorescence owing to pumping to the /sup 2/F/sub 7/2/ state in the case of a small number of trapped Yb/sup +/ ions.>

IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and MeasurementApr 1, 199510 citations

Surface trap for ytterbium ions

Jonathan A. Campbell

Physics We conducted an experiment to load a shallow planar ion trap from a cold atom source of Ytterbium using photoionization. The surface trap consisted of a three-rod radio frequency Paul trap fabricated using standard printed circuit board techniques. The cold atom source was an isotope-selective magneto-optical trap of naturally-occurring Yb isotopes. The confining beams were provided by commercially-available ultra-violet diode lasers locked to an atomic reference using the Dichroic Atomic Vapor Laser Lock technique. We used photoionization from the Yb magneto-optical trap located within the region of the ion trapping potential.Physics We conducted an experiment to load a shallow planar ion trap from a cold atom source of Ytterbium using photoionization. The surface trap consisted of a three-rod radio frequency Paul trap fabricated using standard printed circuit board techniques. The cold atom source was an isotope-selective magneto-optical trap of naturally-occurring Yb isotopes. The confining beams were provided by commercially-available ultra-violet diode lasers locked to an atomic reference using the Dichroic Atomic Vapor Laser Lock technique. We used photoionization from the Yb magneto-optical trap located within the region of the ion trapping potential.

Jan 1, 20061 citation

Laser stabilisation to neutral Yb in a discharge with polarization enhanced frequency modulation spectroscopy

Valdis Blūms, Jordan Scarabel, Kenji Shimizu +8 more

Isotope selective optical excitation of atoms is important for experiments with neutral atoms, metrology, and work with trapped ions, including quantum information processing. Polarization-enhanced absorption spectroscopy is used to frequency stabilise a tunable external cavity laser diode system at 398.9 nm for isotope selective photoionization of neutral Yb atoms. This spectroscopy technique is used to measure isotope resolved dispersive features from transitions within a see through configuration Ytterbium hollow-cathode discharge lamp. This Doppler-free dichroic polarization spectroscopy is realised by retro-reflecting a laser beam through the discharge and analysing the polarization dependent absorption with balanced detection. The spectroscopy signal is recovered using lock-in detection of frequency modulation induced by current modulation of the external cavity laser diode. Here, we show the use of polarization-enhanced absorption spectroscopy for isotope selectively loading of $^{171}$ Yb $^+$ , $^{172}$ Yb $^+$ , or $^{174}$ Yb $^+$ ions into an RF Paul trap.Isotope selective optical excitation of atoms is important for experiments with neutral atoms, metrology, and work with trapped ions, including quantum information processing. Polarization-enhanced absorption spectroscopy is used to frequency stabilise a tunable external cavity laser diode system at 398.9 nm for isotope selective photoionization of neutral Yb atoms. This spectroscopy technique is used to measure isotope resolved dispersive features from transitions within a see through configuration Ytterbium hollow-cathode discharge lamp. This Doppler-free dichroic polarization spectroscopy is realised by retro-reflecting a laser beam through the discharge and analysing the polarization dependent absorption with balanced detection. The spectroscopy signal is recovered using lock-in detection of frequency modulation induced by current modulation of the external cavity laser diode. Here, we show the use of polarization-enhanced absorption spectroscopy for isotope selectively loading of $^{171}$Yb$^+$, $^{172}$Yb$^+$, or $^{174}$Yb$^+$ ions into an RF Paul trap.

arXiv:2006.12012Jun 22, 20200 citations

Numerical studies of isotopic selective photoionization of ytterbium in a three-step ionization scheme

Xiaoyong Lu, Lide Wang

Selective photoionization of ytterbium isotope is studied numerically based on a three-step photoionization scheme, 4f146s2 1S0 (0 cm−1) → 4f146s6p 3P1 (17992.008 cm−1) → (4f136s26p) (7/2, 3/2)2 (35196.98 cm−1) → auto-ionization state (52353 cm−1) → Yb+, by the density matrix theory with the consideration of atomic hyperfine structures and magnetic sublevels. To examine the physical model, the numerical isotopic abundance of ytterbium is compared with that from mass spectroscopy experiment, showing that they are in good agreement with each other. The excitation process and ionization process of ytterbium, especially for odd isotopes, are discussed and analyzed in detail on this basis. The effects of frequency detuning, power densities, spectral bandwidths, polarization of two excitation lasers, and atomic Doppler broadening on the total ionization yield and isotopic abundance are investigated numerically and the optimal excitation conditions for 176Yb enrichment are identified semi-quantitatively.Selective photoionization of ytterbium isotope is studied numerically based on a three-step photoionization scheme, 4f146s2 1S0 (0 cm−1) → 4f146s6p 3P1 (17992.008 cm−1) → (4f136s26p) (7/2, 3/2)2 (35196.98 cm−1) → auto-ionization state (52353 cm−1) → Yb+, by the density matrix theory with the consideration of atomic hyperfine structures and magnetic sublevels. To examine the physical model, the numerical isotopic abundance of ytterbium is compared with that from mass spectroscopy experiment, showing that they are in good agreement with each other. The excitation process and ionization process of ytterbium, especially for odd isotopes, are discussed and analyzed in detail on this basis. The effects of frequency detuning, power densities, spectral bandwidths, polarization of two excitation lasers, and atomic Doppler broadening on the total ionization yield and isotopic abundance are investigated numerically and the optimal excitation conditions for 176Yb enrichment are identified semi-quantitatively.

Chinese Physics BOct 19, 20225 citations

We report isotope-selective loading and trapping of doubly ionized ytterbium into an rf quadrupole trap. Isotopically pure clouds of

^{174}\mathrm{Yb}$${}^{+}

ions were first loaded into the rf trap via a multistage photoionization process. The Yb

{}^{2+}

ions were then produced by electron impact ionization of the trapped Yb

{}^{+}

ions. The Yb

{}^{2+}

ions were subsequently detected by rf excitation of their secular motion in the trap, which led to sympathetic heating and changes in the fluorescence of the laser-cooled Yb

{}^{+}

ions. The presence of doubly charged Yb ions was further verified by the appearance of a dark band in the center of Yb

{}^{+}

ion cloud after electron impact ionization. We discuss the possible formation of Yb

{}^{2+}

H and similar compounds and the schemes for the direct optical detection of the Yb

{}^{2+}

ions.

0.13\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}

are easily loaded with this technique. The ions are confined in the same spatial region as the laser-cooled atoms, which will allow the experimental investigation of interactions between cold ions and cold atoms or Bose-Einstein condensates.

^{171}

^+

^{172}

^+

, or

^{174}

^+

ions into an RF Paul trap.