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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Biphoton radiation with hidden polarization: experimental implementation and polarization tomography

Pavel A. Bushev, V. P. Karassiov, Anatoly Viktorovich Masalov, A. A. Putilin

Published Apr 3, 2002• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Using the formalism of the Stokes operators, a Wigner-type polarization quasi probability function and related tomography techniques, we analyze polarization properties of the XY-type biphoton light produced by a cw optical parametric oscillator. An appropriate data processing allowed to reveal experimentally the properties of hidden polarization and polarization squeezing for the parametric radiation, as well as to manifest a similarity between the calculated polarization Wigner function and that obtained via polarization tomography of the light produced.

DOI
10.1117/12.464491

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Using the formalism of the Stokes operators, a Wigner-type polarization quasi probability function and related tomography techniques, we analyze polarization properties of the XY-type biphoton light produced by a cw optical parametric oscillator. An appropriate data processing allowed to reveal experimentally the properties of hidden polarization and polarization squeezing for the parametric radiation, as well as to manifest a similarity between the calculated polarization Wigner function and that obtained via polarization tomography of the light produced.
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The works devoted to studying the polarization properties of a two-photon light generated upon spontaneous parametric down-conversion in the collinear frequency-degenerate regime are briefly overviewed, with emphasis on the studies carried out by us over a period from 1999 to 2001 within the framework of the project “Polarization Optics of Biphotons” of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research. In particular, the polarization state of a two-photon light was analyzed and its pictorial mapping onto the Poincaré sphere was proposed. The experiments on polarization transformations of a two-photon light were performed; based on these transformations, a method was suggested for ternary quantum information coding. A two-photon state with the orthogonal photon polarizations was synthesized experimentally from the two beams of identically polarized correlated photons, and the spectral properties of this state were investigated. Finally, a method was suggested for measuring the polarization state of a two-photon light in the collinear frequency-degenerate case (“tomography”).
A brief review of theoretical studies of the quantum state of polarization of light exhibiting the level of fluctuations in at least one of the Stokes parameters which is below the quantum noise limit is presented. Two approaches to generation of polarization-squeezed state of light are analyzed in detail: by propagating coherent radiation in a cubic nonlinear medium and by mixing radiation of two orthogonally polarized quadrature-squeezed modes. The degree of polarization of light is discussed. Other areas of quantum polarization optics, in particular, entanglement of quantum Stokes parameters and quantum polarization tomography, are also discussed.