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Optics Letters

Femtosecond pulse shaping by dynamic holograms in photorefractive multiple quantum wells

Yi Ding, Robert M. Brubaker, David D. Nolte, M. R. Melloch, Andrew M. Weiner

Published May 15, 1997• 58 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Femtosecond pulses can be shaped in the time domain by diffraction from dynamic holograms in a photorefractive multiple quantum well placed inside a Fourier pulse shaper. We present several examples of shaped pulses obtained by controlling the amplitude or the phase of the hologram writing beams, which modifies the complex spectrum of the femtosecond output.

DOI
10.1364/ol.22.000718

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Femtosecond pulses can be shaped in the time domain by diffraction from dynamic holograms in a photorefractive multiple quantum well placed inside a Fourier pulse shaper. We present several examples of shaped pulses obtained by controlling the amplitude or the phase of the hologram writing beams, which modifies the complex spectrum of the femtosecond output.
Summary form only given. When femtosecond pulses diffract from photorefractive quantum wells their pulse shape is distorted by the amplitude and phase of the photorefractive gratings. In this paper we report the first, to our knowledge, electric field cross-correlation measurements of the change in pulse shape induced by nondegenerate four-wave mixing in photorefractive quantum wells. This work is a preliminary step towards the long-range goal of performing dynamic femtosecond pulse shaping using photorefractive quantum wells for ultrafast-pulse processing applications.
The diffraction of 100-fs pulses from the static gratings of photorefractive quantum wells (QWs) produces diffracted pulses that are nearly transform-limited, despite the strong dispersion near the quantum-confined excitonic transitions. This quality makes the QW's candidates for use in femtosecond pulse shaping, although the currently limited bandwidth of the quantum-confined excitonic transitions broadens the diffracted pulses. Femtosecond electric-field cross correlation and spectral interferometry techniques completely characterize the low-intensity pulses diffracted from stand-alone photorefractive QWs, and from QWs placed inside a Fourier-domain femtosecond pulse shaper.
We study theoretically and experimentally the synthesis of arbitrary time-domain pulse shapes, using short laser pulses scattered by holograms stored in a spectrally selective hole-burning material. In general, writing holograms in spectrally selective materials results in cross talk and interference between different frequencies because of Kramers–Kronig dispersion relations. We discuss different ways to exclude the cross talk that disturbs faithful reproduction of the desired time-domain pulse shapes. In particular, we show that one can exclude the cross talk by writing holograms in a way that simulates a time-domain offset of the object pulse. To confirm our theoretical considerations we carry out experiments by writing persistent spectral hole-burning holograms with a tunable dye laser in an organic dye–polymer system at low temperature. By reading out the time-domain response with subpicosecond white-light pulses we demonstrate the feasibility of spectral synthesis of light pulses with complicated amplitude and phase properties on the time scale of hundreds of picoseconds with a subpicosecond time resolution.