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Physical Review Letters

Interferometric Modulation of an Atomic Beam by an Electric Field: A Phase Hologram for Atoms

Jun‐ichi Fujita, S. Mitake, Fujio Shimizu

Published May 1, 2000• 22 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Electric-field-controlled atomic holography has been demonstrated. A binary hologram pattern was encoded in the gaps of regularly spaced parallel stripes of platinum electrodes formed on SiN4 thin film. Each electrode was either grounded or connected to a terminal. The electrode connections were arranged so that an electric field appeared in approximately half the 512 gaps when a finite voltage was applied to the terminal. By controlling this voltage, we could shift, erase, or switch holographically reconstructed two-dimensional images of atoms on a screen.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.84.4027

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Summary form only given. We have demonstrated the manipulation of a cold neon atomic beam in a metastable state by using a silicon nitride thin film with holes that expressed the pattern of a binary hologram. The atoms that passed through the computer generated binary hologram reconstructed an arbitrary pattern of atoms on the surface of a microchannel plate detector. In this paper we describe the technique that enables us to control the reconstructed pattern in real time. We deposited regularly spaced stripes of platinum electrodes on the thin film hologram. Holes were open in the gap between the stripes, and we modulated the electric potential of the electrodes. This modulated the phase of the atom that passed through the hole in proportion to the square of the potential difference of the adjacent electrodes. Two types of phase controlled holography were demonstrated.

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Atomic beam holography is a unique technique by which to fabricate a nanoscale object by using the interference of matter waves of ultracold atoms. The atomic de Broglie wave coming through a hologram interferes with and reconstructs a desired structure on a substrate. We first demonstrated holographic manipulation of metastable Ne atoms of 7 nm wavelength, where we showed the reconstruction of an “F” pattern and improvement of it. In this article, we propose and show techniques to manipulate three-dimensionally cooled Ne atoms. Atomic beam holography has the potential to make atomic-size objects, and the freedom in designing the hologram enables us to make not only a binary pattern but also an analog (gray scale) pattern. The resolution demonstrated in this experiment was about 60μ, but the minimum feature size expected is theoretically the same as the wavelength, i.e., several nanometers.

Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures Processing Measurement and Phenomena•Nov 1, 1998•10 citations
Electric-field-controlled atomic holography has been demonstrated. A binary hologram pattern was encoded in the gaps of regularly spaced parallel stripes of platinum electrodes formed on SiN4 thin film. Each electrode was either grounded or connected to a terminal. The electrode connections were arranged so that an electric field appeared in approximately half the 512 gaps when a finite voltage was applied to the terminal. By controlling this voltage, we could shift, erase, or switch holographically reconstructed two-dimensional images of atoms on a screen.
Summary form only given. We have demonstrated the manipulation of a cold neon atomic beam in a metastable state by using a silicon nitride thin film with holes that expressed the pattern of a binary hologram. The atoms that passed through the computer generated binary hologram reconstructed an arbitrary pattern of atoms on the surface of a microchannel plate detector. In this paper we describe the technique that enables us to control the reconstructed pattern in real time. We deposited regularly spaced stripes of platinum electrodes on the thin film hologram. Holes were open in the gap between the stripes, and we modulated the electric potential of the electrodes. This modulated the phase of the atom that passed through the hole in proportion to the square of the potential difference of the adjacent electrodes. Two types of phase controlled holography were demonstrated.
Electric-field-controlled holography for atoms is demonstrated. Platinum electrodes are deposited among the array of parallel slits that are made on a silicon nitride film. A cold neon atomic beam in the 1s3[2p5(2Po1/2)3s : J = 0] metastable state is sent through the film and form a Fraunhofer diffraction pattern on a microchannel plate detector that is placed in the downstream of the film. By controlling the potential of each electrode an arbitrary one-dimensional diffraction pattern of atoms has been generated.PACS No. 78.90
We describe various techniques to manipulate laser-cooled Ne atoms interferometrically by using a silicon nitride film with holes and electrode deposition. Laser-cooled Ne atoms pass through a computer-generated through-hole binary hologram and generate an atomic image on a substrate. The hologram can be designed to provide a spherical phase correction, and the reconstructed pattern is focused on the substrate at a finite distance from the hologram. Such holographic manipulation can be extended to gray-scaled reconstruction that is used to deposit relief-like 3D atomic patterns on surfaces. In addition, an atom interacts with electric, magnetic, and optical fields. This provides the holographic atomic-wave manipulation to perform functions that are difficult for a light wave. The Stark shift induced by an external electric field is used to switch and to modify atomic patterns in real time. We also introduce an reflecting type atom holography by using quantum reflection.
Atomic beam holography is a unique technique by which to fabricate a nanoscale object by using the interference of matter waves of ultracold atoms. The atomic de Broglie wave coming through a hologram interferes with and reconstructs a desired structure on a substrate. We first demonstrated holographic manipulation of metastable Ne atoms of 7 nm wavelength, where we showed the reconstruction of an “F” pattern and improvement of it. In this article, we propose and show techniques to manipulate three-dimensionally cooled Ne atoms. Atomic beam holography has the potential to make atomic-size objects, and the freedom in designing the hologram enables us to make not only a binary pattern but also an analog (gray scale) pattern. The resolution demonstrated in this experiment was about 60μ, but the minimum feature size expected is theoretically the same as the wavelength, i.e., several nanometers.