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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Coherent-transient enhancement of polarization changes under two-photon interaction conditions

A. Zh. Muradyan, L. Petrosyan

Published Sep 30, 1991• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A change in the polarization of an ultrashort light pulse is induced by a strong polarized pulse when the two pulses interact with three-level atoms in a gaseous medium with arbitrary values of the momentum. An analysis is made of the possibility of increasing the output signal (i.e., the amplitude of Cartesian component of a probe wave rotated by 90°) by modulation of the input wave phase in accordance with oscillations of a coherent-transient response of the gaseous medium.

DOI
10.1070/qe1991v021n09abeh004051

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Journal of the Optical Society of America B•Nov 1, 1990•2 citations
A change in the polarization of an ultrashort light pulse is induced by a strong polarized pulse when the two pulses interact with three-level atoms in a gaseous medium with arbitrary values of the momentum. An analysis is made of the possibility of increasing the output signal (i.e., the amplitude of Cartesian component of a probe wave rotated by 90°) by modulation of the input wave phase in accordance with oscillations of a coherent-transient response of the gaseous medium.
A theoretical investigation of the change in polarization of ultrashort pulses of light near the two-photon resonance is carried out. A strong wave of circular polarization in the medium induces optical anisotropy which affects the change in weak probe-wave polarization. It is shown, that owing to an interaction transient, the probe-wave polarization becomes elliptical whose parameters change depending on time and position. This leads, in turn, to oscillation dependence of the rotated component of the probe field amplitude on the pumping energy, and the length and density of the resonant medium.
Abilities of the method of accumulation of coherent unstable response of a medium for amplification of the rotated component of the probe wave’s polarization in the atomic medium of three-level atoms are studied. Probe wave is examined in frames of the perturbation theory and its frequency is considered near to one photon resonance from the ground to the first excited level. The intense monochromatic pump field connects two excited energy levels and propagates through the medium without a change. The broadening of spectral lines caused by the relaxation processes and the Doppler broadening are included into the calculations. It is shown that by multiple consistent instantaneous change of input probe field’s phase from 0 to π and back, it is possible to obtain, in the tail part of the rotated component of the probe field, a separate narrowed light pulse along with the increase in intensity by more than an order of magnitude with respect to the input field.
The main regularities of induced change of light polarization in the field of powerful ultrashort pulses in the resonant gaseous medium are investigated. Frequency- tunable ultrashort pulses allows to observe the polarization plane rotation at large values of detuning, in the different schemes of single-photon and two-photon interaction. On the other hand, the high intensity of these pulses allows to investigate the nonresonant interaction in the crystalline and solid transparent media. Our experiments carried out permit to propose the polarization technique for forming the given parameters pulses or train of pulses. In the observing medium placed between crossed polarizers, at counter propagation, powerful pump and linearly polarized probe pulses interact, because of which the probe pulse polarization changes. The polarization rotation angle as a time function is determined by the intensity of ultrashort pulse, the parameters of medium and frequencies of interacting waves. At the definite choice of the experimental conditions, requiring a probe wave after a crossed polarizer we can obtain the pulse which duration is determined by the length of medium, where interaction occurs. Using a nonresonant transparent media we have the possibility of forming the pulses of given duration tunable in a wide spectral region.
We study possibilities of the method of accumulation of the coherent-nonstationary response of the medium for amplifying the polarization rotation of probe radiation in conditions of a cascade two-photon resonance. The probe field couples the ground level nS 1/2 of an alkali metal atom with the excited doublet nP 1/2,3/2, while the monochromatic pump field couples this doublet with a higher excited state n’S 1/2. We obtain analytic expression for the rotated component of the probe field polarization. It is shown that consistent switching by π the phase of the input probe field may create in the tail portion of its rotated component a separate light pulse with more than an order of magnitude higher intensity, which is a desired result for polarization laser spectroscopy.
Propagation of an ultrashort, small-area (circularly polarized) pulse through a gas medium of three-level atoms near one-photon resonance is studied. The expression for the propagating pulse shape is obtained within the rotating wave and dipole approximations. Results are compared, both analytically and numerically, with those for two-level model. Sinusoidal and Gaussian shapes of input pulses are compared, and a high sensitivity of modulation of the light pulse for envelope to its input shape is revealed.
We treat the problem of four-wave resonant mixing of ultrashort laser pulses in gaseous media. We show that for some transitions, for example, quadrupole transitions, the polarization effects can be strongly manifested. For four-wave two-photon resonant mixing we find that the signal-wave plane rotation depends on the parameters of the resonant medium and the pulses mixed. We show that for long pump pulses and short signal pulses in the ultrashort-pulse time domain the angle of rotation of the plane of polarization of the signal plane can reach several dozen degrees. We show that the effect of altering the state of polarization of the short signal pulse can be used for measuring its shape and duration. Since the polarization measurements are precise and the proposed regimes of four-wave mixing do not depend on phase and amplitude fluctuations of the measuring pulse, the polarization four-wave mixing technique can be more accurate than the technique widely used for such purposes, measurement of the second-order intensity correlation function. We also discuss new nonlinear spectroscopy for measuring fast resonant susceptibilities (in particular, second-order polarizabilities) of the medium, based on the rotation of the polarization plane or the polarization ellipse of the signal pulse.