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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

On-chip generation and in-plane transmission of indistinguishable photons

Sokratis Kalliakos, Yarden Brody, Andre Schwagmann, Anthony J. Bennett, Martin B. Ward, David J. Ellis, J. Skiba-Szymanska, Ian A. Farrer, Jonathan Griffiths, Geb A. C. Jones, D. A. Ritchie, Andrew J. Shields

Published Mar 16, 2015• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report the on-chip generation and in-plane transmission of indistinguishable photons from a semiconductor quantum dot embedded in a photonic crystal waveguide. We demonstrate the indistinguishability of the in-plane photons by performing two-photon interference with light collected from the exit of the photonic crystal waveguide. Under continuous wave optical excitation, the interference visibility is measured to be 0.40 ± 0.04, limited by the temporal resolution of our single-photon detectors. Our results are in excellent agreement with our theoretical model, in which all the parameters are determined experimentally.

DOI
10.1117/12.2077534

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We report the on-chip generation and in-plane transmission of indistinguishable photons from a semiconductor quantum dot embedded in a photonic crystal waveguide. We demonstrate the indistinguishability of the in-plane photons by performing two-photon interference with light collected from the exit of the photonic crystal waveguide. Under continuous wave optical excitation, the interference visibility is measured to be 0.40 ± 0.04, limited by the temporal resolution of our single-photon detectors. Our results are in excellent agreement with our theoretical model, in which all the parameters are determined experimentally.
We demonstrate the emission of indistinguishable photons along a semiconductor chip originating from carrier recombination in an InAs quantum dot. The emitter is integrated in the waveguiding region of a photonic crystal structure, allowing for on-chip light propagation. We perform a Hong-Ou-Mandel-type of experiment with photons collected from the exit of the waveguide, and we observe two-photon interference under continuous wave excitation. Our results pave the way for the integration of quantum emitters in advanced photonic quantum circuits.
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We demonstrate the emission of indistinguishable photons along a semiconductor chip originating from carrier recombination in an InAs quantum dot. The emitter is integrated in the waveguiding region of a photonic crystal structure, allowing for on-chip light propagation. We perform a Hong-Ou-Mandel-type of experiment with photons collected from the exit of the waveguide, and we observe two-photon interference under continuous wave excitation. Our results pave the way for the integration of quantum emitters in advanced photonic quantum circuits. © 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.
A linear optical quantum computer relies on interference between photonic qubits for logic, and entanglement for near-deterministic operation. Here we measure the interference and entanglement properties of photons emitted by a quantum dot embedded within a light-emitting diode. We show that pairs of simultaneously generated photons are entangled, and indistinguishable from subsequently generated photons. We measure entanglement fidelity of 0.87 and two-photon-interference visibility of 0.60 ± 0.05. The visibility, limited by detector jitter, could be improved by optical cavity designs.
Quantum interference between identical photons lies at the heart of our plan to construct a silicon photonic quantum computer. Several ground-breaking experiments have demonstrated the on-chip interference between photons generated in spiral [1] and ring resonator [2] sources. However, these two-photon experiments have relied on detecting the simultaneous arrival of a pair of photons from either source. In order that such experiments can be scaled-up, we require the multiplexing of probabilistic photon pair sources into an on-demand single photon source [3]. A first step towards this is to demonstrate heralded single photons from different sources will retain the purity and indistinguishability required to interfere with high visibility [4]. In our work we examine photon pair production by spontaneous four-wave mixing in a silicon waveguide source and determine the factors that limit the heralded two-photon interference visibility. We present a novel approach to modelling this generation process using the joint- temporal amplitude and compare our results with experimental data. [1] On-chip quantum interference between silicon photon-pair sources, Nature Photonics 8, 104, (2014). [2] Qubit entanglement between ring-resonator photon-pair sources on a silicon chip, Nature Communications 6, 7948, (2015). [3] Active temporal and spatial multiplexing of photons, Optica 3, 127, (2016) [4] Indistinguishable photon pair generation using two independent silicon wire waveguides, New Journal of Physics 13, 065005, (2011).
Quantum interference lies at the foundation of many protocols for scalable quantum computing and communication with linear optics. To observe these effects the light source must emit photons that are indistinguishable. From a technological standpoint, it would be beneficial to have electrical control over the emission. Here we report of an electrically driven single-photon source emitting indistinguishable photons. The device consists of a layer of InAs quantum dots embedded in the intrinsic region of a p-i-n diode. Indistinguishability of consecutive photons is tested in a two-photon interference experiment under two modes of operation, continuous and pulsed current injection. We also present a complete theory based on the interference of photons with a Lorentzian spectrum which we compare to both our continuous wave and pulsed experiments. In the former case, a visibility was measured limited only by the timing resolution of our detection system. In the case of pulsed injection, we employ a two-pulse voltage sequence which suppresses multi-photon emission and allows us to carry out temporal filtering of photons which have undergone dephasing. The characteristic Hong-Ou-Mandel 'dip' is measured, resulting in a visibility of 64 +/- 4%.