Using very stable intense fs Ti:sapphire laser pulses, new structures in the ion versus intensity plot of rare gases are observed which can be attributed to electron trapping in highly excited states of the atom. Employing a -type trapping we were able to partially explain the observation.
The population trapping in highly excited atomic states under intense femtosecond Ti:sapphire transform limited and chirped laser pulse action is studied. It is demonstrated that trapping appears as a result of the multiphoton resonance between the initial ground state and a set of excited states near the continuum boundary accompanied by repopulation of the Rydberg states by the Raman Λ-type transitions via the continuum and the interference stabilization. The specific features of the population trapping in both positively and negatively chirped pulses are analyzed and discussed.
The newly developed method of time-of-flight (TOF) momentum microscopy was used to analyze the cold electron emission from a Cs three-dimensional magneto-optical trap (MOT). Three-step resonant photoionization was implemented via two intermediate states (6P3/2 pumped with an 852-nm laser and 7S1/2 with a 1470-nm laser) and a tunable femtosecond (fs) Ti:sapphire laser for the final ionization step. The magnetic field of the MOT is switched off during the photoionization step. The natural bandwidth of the fs laser is reduced to 4 meV using optical spectral filters. Precise tuning of the photon energy makes it possible to observe the transition regime between direct photoemission into the open continuum and field-induced ionization of highly excited Rydberg states. The paths can be identified by their characteristic dependency on the extraction field and on the Ti:sapphire polarization. TOF analysis allowed us to disentangle the ionization paths and the dependence of the spatiotemporal distribution of the cold electrons on the polarization of the ionizing laser.