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Communications in Theoretical Physics

Dynamics of an Ultracold Bose Gas in Funnel-Shaped Potential

Yan Li, Xu Guang-Yuan, Wang Yong-Jun, Liu Xian-Feng, Han Jiu-Rong

Published Sep 1, 2009• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper we develop a variational theory to study the dynamic properties of ultracold Bose gas in a funnel external potential. We obtain one-dimensional nonlinear equation which describes the dynamics of transverse tight confined bosonic gas from three-dimension to one-dimension, and find one-dimensional s-wave scattering length which depends on the shape of transverse confining potential. If the funnel trapping potential is strong enough at zero temperature, all transverse excitations are frozen. We find the dynamic equation which describes the Tonks–Girardeau gas and present a qualitative analysis of the experimental accessibility of the Tonks–Girardeau gas with funnel-trapped alkalic atoms.

DOI
10.1088/0253-6102/52/3/10

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In this paper we develop a variational theory to study the dynamic properties of ultracold Bose gas in a funnel external potential. We obtain one-dimensional nonlinear equation which describes the dynamics of transverse tight confined bosonic gas from three-dimension to one-dimension, and find one-dimensional s-wave scattering length which depends on the shape of transverse confining potential. If the funnel trapping potential is strong enough at zero temperature, all transverse excitations are frozen. We find the dynamic equation which describes the Tonks–Girardeau gas and present a qualitative analysis of the experimental accessibility of the Tonks–Girardeau gas with funnel-trapped alkalic atoms.
The collective oscillations of one-dimensional (1D) repulsive Bose gas with external harmonic confinement in two different regimes are studied. The first regime is the mean-field regime when the density is high. The second regime is the Tonks-Girardeau regime when the density is low. We investigate the resonances under periodic modulations of the trap potential and the effective nonlinearity. Modulations of the effective nonlinear coefficient result from modulations of the atomic scattering length by the Feshbach resonance method or variations of the transverse trap frequency. In the mean-field regime we predict bistability in the nonlinear oscillations of the condensate. In the Tonks-Girardeau regime the resonance has the character of a linear parametric resonance. In the case of rapid strong modulations of the nonlinear coefficient we find analytical expressions for the nonlinearity managed soliton width and the frequency of the slow secondary oscillations near the fixed point. We confirm the analytical predictions by direct numerical simulations of the 1D Gross-Pitaevskii equation and the effective nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation with quintic nonlinearity and trap potential.
We calculate the dynamic polarizability of a one-dimensional Bose gas confined into a parabolic trap near the Tonks–Girardeau limit. We use the duality between the one-dimensional Bose gas with δ-interaction and the one-dimensional Fermi gas with δ''-interaction to map the strong interaction regime of the first into the weak one of the latter. The quantities which depend only on the modulus of the wavefunction can be calculated with either of the two theories; therefore, we have used the random-phase approximation in the weak coupling regime of the fermionic system to access dynamic properties in the strong coupling regime of the bosonic one.
Abstract Starting from the standard three-dimensional (3D) Gross–Pitaevskii equation (GPE) and using a variational approximation, we derive an effective one-dimensional nonpolynomial Schrödinger equation (1D-NPSE) governing the axial dynamics of atomic Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) under the action of a singular but physically relevant funnel-shaped transverse trap, i.e. an attractive 2D potential ∼−1/ r (where r is the radial coordinate in the transverse plane), in combination with the repulsive self-interaction. Wave functions of the trapped BEC are regular, in spite of the potential’s singularity. The model applies to a condensate of particles (small molecules) carrying a permanent electric dipole moment in the field of a uniformly charged axial thread, as well as to a quantum gas of magnetic atoms pulled by an axial electric current. By means of numerical simulations, we verify that the effective 1D-NPSE provides accurate static and dynamical results, in comparison to the full 3D GPE, for both repulsive and attractive signs of the intrinsic nonlinearity.
Abstract We investigate the stability aspects of quintic Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation with the presence and absence of external trapping potential for a Bose Gas (BG) in both the Tonks-Girardeau (TG) and the super Tonks-Girardeau (sTG) regimes. For this purpose, we compute both analytically and numerically a pure quintic GP equation with the presence of the scattering lengths. Using the time-dependent variational approach, we derive the equations of motion and effective potential of the system for both cases. Through the effective potential, we discuss the stability properties of pure quintic GP equation and obtain the modulational instability condition of BECs. The variational results are verified by means of the direct numerical simulations using split-step Crank-Nicolson method and the observed results are in agreement with the analytical predictions.
Several experimental groups are currently working towards realizing quasi-one-dimensional (1D) atom waveguides and loading them with ultracold atoms. The dynamics becomes truly 1D in a regime (Tonks gas) of low temperatures and densities and large positive scattering lengths for which the transverse mode becomes frozen, in which case the many-body Schrodinger dynamics becomes exactly soluble via a Fermi-Bose mapping theorem. In this paper we review our recent work on the exact ground state and quantum dynamics of 1D Tonks gases and assess the possibility of approaching the Tonks regime using Bessel beam optical dipole traps.