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Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Quasi-Elastic Scattering in Fluorescence from Real Atoms

Juha Javanainen

Published Nov 1, 1992• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate numerically resonance fluorescence in angular-momentum degenerate-atomic-level schemes. The spectrum of scattered light may contain quasi-elastic peaks originating from Raman transitions between Stark-shifted Zeeman states. Possible experiments with the D2 line of sodium are discussed.
DOI
10.1209/0295-5075/20/5/003

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Effects of the atomic Zeeman degeneracy on the resonance fluorescence spectrum of a closed two-level atom with arbitrary ground-state angular momentum Jg{\mathit{J}}_{\mathit{g}}Jg​ and excited-state, angular momentum Je{\mathit{J}}_{\mathit{e}}Je​ are studied in detail. Especially interesting are the narrow structures due to the spontaneous Raman scattering and the incoherent Rayleigh scattering. Results for the cycling transition of a Cs atom are presented as part of the examples.
A theory appropriate for investigating the angular spectra of atoms scattered out of an atomic beam by resonance fluorescence due to interactions with an orthogonal uniform light beam is presented. Particular emphasis is made on the scattering in the plane containing the two beams. The atomic distribution is shown to be intimately related to the angular distribution of the spontaneously emitted photons. Both distributions show marked variations with the detuning and field intensity parameters, leading to the possibility of maximum scattering of atoms to occur on either side of the atomic beam, while the accompanying photons are always emitted on one particular side of the light beam. Since the angular distributions reflect the momentum changes suffered by both the atoms and the electromagnetic field, this lends insight into the basic mechanisms involved in resonance fluorescence.
The light scattered by a cold trapped ion, which is in the stationary state of laser cooling, presents features due to the mechanical effects of atom-photon interactions. These features appear as additional peaks (sidebands) in the spectrum of resonance fluorescence. Among these sidebands the literature has discussed the Stokes and anti-Stokes components: namely, the sidebands of the elastic peak. We show that the motion also gives rise to sidebands of the inelastic peaks. These are not always visible, but, as we show, can be measured in parameter regimes which are experimentally accessible.
Using the model of displaced potential energy surfaces, we studied the spectrum of the resonance fluorescence light from vibronic systems. In this model, equal vibrational frequencies in the two electronic quantum states allow many vibronic transitions to be in resonance with a monochromatic driving laser field tuned to the electronic transition frequency. Level splittings in the strong-field case give rise to a multiple-line spectrum of the scattered light. In particular, the Rayleigh component consists of a superimposed series of triplets, whereas the Raman part is built up by superimposed quadruplets.
Resonance fluorescence due to intense laser fields from a Zeeman degenerate atom being perturbed by collisional interactions is calculated in the impact regime by using the quantum-fluctuation-regression theorem. Various interesting effects are found. For example, the scattered intensity spectrum for a J=0J=0J=0 to J=1J=1J=1 transition for polarization parallel to the laser polarization is essentially an asymmetric triplet, whereas for a perpendicular polarization due to collisions the spectrum is essentially a doublet (whose frequencies do not correspond with any of those of the triplet). Further, the width of the fluorescent component (whose frequency is close to the unperturbed frequency) actually decreases with increasing laser power.