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International Journal of Modern Physics C

Visualization of Series Analysis for Critical Behavior with Logarithms

Joan Adler, Iksoo Chang

Published Jun 1, 1997• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The exact series method is a useful approach for studying critical behavior in the presence of logarithmic corrections to power-law divergences. We describe a visual implementation and several applications of one algorithm for evaluating critical exponents and critical points from series expansions for quantities that exhibit logarithmic forms.

DOI
10.1142/s012918319700045x

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The exact series method is a useful approach for studying critical behavior in the presence of logarithmic corrections to power-law divergences. We describe a visual implementation and several applications of one algorithm for evaluating critical exponents and critical points from series expansions for quantities that exhibit logarithmic forms.
Exact power series expansions provide a powerful method for studying the critical behaviour of many systems. Efficient analysis methods are essential to fully exploit the series approach. A particularly challenging problem in the analysis of these expansions is the elucidation of the critical behaviour in cases where critical temperature (or threshold) as well as dominant and correction exponent is unknown. We describe a scheme (which we call Visualization of Graphical methods for Series analysis, or VGS) developed explicitly for this situation and discuss its high precision implementation in a workstation environment. Our approach involves visualization of multiple approximants in a three-dimensional space. Several examples from Ising models, percolation and exactly solved systems are given.
The use of series expansions to determine the nature of critical point singularities, especially the values of the critical exponents, is reviewed.Ratio techniques, based on extrapolation of the ratios of successive expansion coefficients, and Padé approximant methods, utilizing logarithmic derivatives, are explained, illustrated, and compared. Introduction.In this lecture I will survey briefly the phenomena observed near the critical point of a system.The range of behavior is very varied and we shall only examine one or two typical examples.The main aim will be to establish the existence of the so-called "critical point exponents" which describe the nature of the mathematical singularities exhibited by the different thermodynamic functions as the critical point is approached.The theory of these singularities may be developed via suitable statistical-mechanical models which, while caricatures of a realistic physical system, retain such vital features as the dimensionality of space, the finite range of the interactions, and certain basic symmetry properties.These models in turn are usually intractable as regards exact mathematical analysis.However, general methods can be developed which yield power series expansions for many functions of interest; frequently between 8 to 30 leading coefficients of such power series can be obtained.The problem is then a numerical one of extrapolating the series in such a way as to estimate the nature of the particular critical point singularity and the behavior of the function in its vicinity.I will show how this can, in favorable cases, be handled by studying the ratios of successive expansion coefficients.The method was pioneered by Domb and his coworkers, especially Sykes and Fisher [1], [2].The reliability of the techniques can be tested against the relatively few closed form mathematical results, in particular, Onsager's renowned solution of the two-dimensional Ising models [3].In less favorable examples this approach fails, and then, as first demonstrated by Baker [3], Padé approximants have a vital role to play.In a number of important cases the intelligent application of Padé approximants has been strikingly successful [3], [4].Such techniques have thus established a central place for themselves in the
By the early 1960's advances in statistical physics had established the existence of universality classes for systems with second-order phase transitions and characterized these by critical exponents which are different to the classical ones. There followed the discovery of (now famous) scaling relations between the power-law critical exponents describing second-order criticality. These scaling relations are of fundamental importance and now form a cornerstone of statistical mechanics. In certain circumstances, such scaling behaviour is modified by multiplicative logarithmic corrections. These are also characterized by critical exponents, analogous to the standard ones. Recently scaling relations between these logarithmic exponents have been established. Here, the theories associated with these advances are presented and expanded and the status of investigations into logarithmic corrections in a variety of models is reviewed.
By the early 1960's advances in statistical physics had established the existence of universality classes for systems with second-order phase transitions and characterized these by critical exponents which are different to the classical ones. There followed the discovery of (now famous) scaling relations between the power-law critical exponents describing second-order criticality. These scaling relations are of fundamental importance and now form a cornerstone of statistical mechanics. In certain circumstances, such scaling behaviour is modified by multiplicative logarithmic corrections. These are also characterized by critical exponents, analogous to the standard ones. Recently scaling relations between these logarithmic exponents have been established. Here, the theories associated with these advances are presented and expanded and the status of investigations into logarithmic corrections in a variety of models is reviewed.
The asymptotic critical form of thermodynamic functions is analyzed by means of renormalization-group techniques. If certain exponent relations are satisfied, then the critical behavior is not described by a simple power law, but a power law multiplied by a fractional power of a logarithm. The approach is applied to two special systems whose critical exponents are molecular-field-like. (i) For ordinary critical transitions in four dimensions we find the same logarithmic factors previously computed by Larkin and Khmel'nitskii. (ii) For tricritical transitions in three dimensions we compute the logarithmic corrections to the molecularfield tricritical behavior discussed in an earlier publication.