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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Quantum ghost imaging

Ronald E. Meyers, Keith S. Deacon, Yanhua H. Shih

Published Aug 19, 2010• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum Ghost Imaging(QGI) has proven to be both a scientifically interesting field as well as one with many potential practical applications. In this paper we will review some of the scientifically fundamental aspects of Quantum Ghost Imaging and the supporting experiments including some recent results from the Army Research Laboratory.
DOI
10.1117/12.864269

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Ghost imaging has been a subject of interest to the quantum optics community for the past 20 years. Initially seen as manifestation of quantum spookiness, it is now recognized as being implementable in both single- and many-photon number regimes. Beyond its scientific curiosity, it is now feeding novel imaging modalities potentially offering performance attributes that traditional approaches cannot match.This article is part of the themed issue 'Quantum technology for the 21st century'.
We review recent research in the field of quantum imaging. Quantum imaging deals with the formation of images that possess higher resolution or better signal-to-noise characteristics than conventional images by making use of the coherence properties of quantum light fields. Quantum imaging also deals with indirect imaging methods such as ghost imaging, in which image information is conveyed not by a single light field but by the correlations between two separate light fields. In this contribution we concentrate primarily on recent results in the area of ghost imaging.
One of the most surprising consequences of quantum mechanics is the entanglement of two or more distant particles. Although questions regarding fundamental issues of quantum theory still exist, quantum entanglement has started to play important roles in practical engineering applications. Quantum imaging is one of these exciting areas. Quantum imaging has demonstrated two peculiar features: (1) reproducing ghost images in a nonlocal manner, and (2) enhancing the spatial resolution of imaging beyond the diffraction limit. In this article, we start with the review of classical imaging to establish the basic concepts and formalisms of imaging. We then analyze two-photon imaging with particular emphasis on the physics of spatial resolution enhancement and the ghost imaging phenomenon.
Quantum Ghost Imaging (QGI) is a scheme using entangled pairs of photons (signal and idler) in order to perform imaging with both single photons and with only a single-element detector in the spectrum of interest. It utilises the temporal coincidence of the photons to identify associated pairs, while their spatial correlation allows to obtain image information from of the idler photon from the measurement of the signal photon. It is especially useful when using nondegenerate photon pairs, allowing to keep the signal photon in the silicon detection window, while the interacting wavelength can be freely chosen.However, current schemes are limited, as they rely on time-gating and heralding. Recent advances in single photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) allow the design of new single photon cameras, which can be outfitted with dedicated in-pixel timing circuitry. This allows to register single photons in both time and space. These detectors allowed us to design a new scheme for QGI, in which the coincidence is evaluated after the measurement. It also allows us to perform depth-resolved 3D imaging based on the time-of-flight of photons, first results of which are presented here.