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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Phase conjugation of depolarized radiation

Dmytro Glazkov, Iosif G. Zubarev, С И Михайлов

Published Oct 31, 1988• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A theoretical analysis is made of phase conjugation of depolarized radiation. It is found that when the conditions of validity of the mode theory are satisfied at the exit from a nonlinear medium, a single scattered field mode having the highest increment is observed in practice. It is shown that a correlation between the spatial distributions of orthogonally polarized pump fields is important.

DOI
10.1070/qe1988v018n10abeh012573

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A theoretical analysis is made of phase conjugation of depolarized radiation. It is found that when the conditions of validity of the mode theory are satisfied at the exit from a nonlinear medium, a single scattered field mode having the highest increment is observed in practice. It is shown that a correlation between the spatial distributions of orthogonally polarized pump fields is important.
Various aspects of optical phase conjugation are discussed: the properties of the conjugate wave, its potential applications, the basic conjugation methods, and a brief history of the question. The theory for phase conjugation in stimulated scattering is set forth in detail. The basic experimental results on this conjugation method are also discussed in detail. Phase conjugation occurs because that configuration of the back-scattered field which has the conjugate wavefront is amplified to the greatest extent (at a doubled gain) in the intense speckle-inhomogeneous conjugate wave in a medium in which stimulated scattering occurs. Because of the large overall amplification in stimulated scattering, all the other, uncorrelated, configurations of the spontaneously scattered nucleating waves are amplified by a factor of 107 less and are discriminated against. The intervals of values of the various parameters in which the conjugate configuration (the specklon) exists are discussed theoretically, as is the effect of nonlinear selection and saturation on phase conjugation in stimulated scattering. There is a review of experimental results on the first observation of the effect, on the measurement of the angular structure of the uncorrelated waves and of the extent to which they are discriminated against, on the phase fluctuations of the conjugate wave, on the conjugation of subthreshold and depolarized radiation, and on phase conjugation in stimulated scattering in focused beams and for other scattered-wave amplification mechanisms.
Optical phase conjugation by four-wave mixing in a Kerr medium is considered. Two strong counterpropagating lasers pump a nonlinear medium in which they excite the third-order polarization. Mixing with a weak incident field then generates the phase-conjugated image of that field. It is shown how the polarization of the pumps and the tensorial nature of the nonlinear interaction can be accounted for by a geometrical polarization tensor. The electric field is shown to obey two coupled wave equations, which couple a positive- and negative-frequency component of the field. These wave equations allow plane-wave solutions, and we derive the dispersion relation for the wave vectors of these modes. By matching the field of such a mode across the boundaries of the medium to an external incident field, we are able to obtain analytically the Fresnel coefficients for reflection and transmission. Our expressions reduce to earlier results in the appropriate limits.
An analysis is made of the formation of Stokes fields correlated with the pump radiation under stimulated scattering conditions. It is shown that formation of a correlated field takes place gradually as the initiating Stokes waves propagate through the scattering medium. The gain increment of this configuration also increases gradually, tending at the limit to twice the average increment. In this case, the nature of the formation of a correlated field is such that high spatial frequencies of the excited radiation are reversed better than the low frequencies.
We consider the backward optical wave stimulated by a multimode, monochromatic, incident optical wave in a waveguide filled with a transparent nonlinear medium, when the incident wave is negligibly perturbed by the nonlinear processes. We derive the conditions on guide length, area, mode number, and Stokes shift in order that a given high percentage of the power in the backscattered field be the “phase conjugate” of the incident field, i.e., be proportional to its complex conjugate in the entrance plane of the waveguide.