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Chinese Physics Letters

Coherent Superposition States of Atoms and Molecules in a Bose-Einstein Condensate with Exactly Balanced Photo-Associations and Photo-Dissociations

Xiaoxue Yang, Ying Wu

Published Jan 23, 2003• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We show that there exist a series of coherent superposition states of atoms and molecules in a dilute Bose-Einstein condensate with exactly balanced photo-associations and photo-dissociations, and their analytical expressions are explicitly given. They also correspond to the coherent superposition states of two kinds of photons in optical second harmonic generation processes, which shows exactly balanced down- and up-conversions.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/20/2/305

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We consider the process of photoassociation (PA) that occurs when a pair of colliding atoms interacts with a photon, thereby making a transition from the two-atom continuum to a bound molecular state. Such free-bound transitions are described by quantizing the molecule's dissociation continuum, and coupling each of these quasicontinuum (QC) levels to a similarly discrete molecular level. The correct free-atom results are recovered no later than at the end of a given calculation by taking the limit as the QC spacing tends to zero. From the quasicontinuum model, we are led to adapt the few-level and second-quantization methods of photon optics to analyze free-bound transitions. In particular, we establish the PA density parameter as nearly identical to the phase-space parameter as a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), illustrate the near-unit efficiency of one- and two-color photoassociation of a BEC, and develop coherent atom-molecule transitions as the matter optics version of second-harmonic generated photons. ^

•Oct 1, 1999•1 citation
We show that there exist a series of coherent superposition states of atoms and molecules in a dilute Bose-Einstein condensate with exactly balanced photo-associations and photo-dissociations, and their analytical expressions are explicitly given. They also correspond to the coherent superposition states of two kinds of photons in optical second harmonic generation processes, which shows exactly balanced down- and up-conversions.
We investigate the quantum dynamics and statistics of an interesting system of the double-well Bose–Einstein condensates in the presence of a coherent photo-association process occurring in one of the two wells. Through the analytical solutions of a simplified model of the atom–molecule condensate, our results show the important impact of initial state preparations on the atomic coherence, especially the different squeezing behaviour for the case of photo-association via left-well atoms tunnelling from initial right-well atomic condensate, which holds the promise to be observed in the present laboratory.
We have created a dark quantum superposition state of a Rb Bose-Einstein condensate and a degenerate gas of Rb2 ground-state molecules in a specific rovibrational state using two-color photo-association. As a signature for the decoupling of this coherent atom-molecule gas from the light field, we observe a striking suppression of photo-association loss. In our experiment the maximal molecule population in the dark state is limited to about 100 Rb2 molecules due to laser induced decay. The experimental findings can be well described by a simple three mode model.
We consider the process of photoassociation (PA) that occurs when a pair of colliding atoms interacts with a photon, thereby making a transition from the two-atom continuum to a bound molecular state. Such free-bound transitions are described by quantizing the molecule's dissociation continuum, and coupling each of these quasicontinuum (QC) levels to a similarly discrete molecular level. The correct free-atom results are recovered no later than at the end of a given calculation by taking the limit as the QC spacing tends to zero. From the quasicontinuum model, we are led to adapt the few-level and second-quantization methods of photon optics to analyze free-bound transitions. In particular, we establish the PA density parameter as nearly identical to the phase-space parameter as a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), illustrate the near-unit efficiency of one- and two-color photoassociation of a BEC, and develop coherent atom-molecule transitions as the matter optics version of second-harmonic generated photons. ^