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Physical Review A

Transient probe spectra in a driven two-level atom

Ning Lu, P. R. Berman

Published Oct 1, 1987• 20 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We analyze the transient probe spectra that arise when two-level atoms in an atomic beam are excited by a ``pump'' laser field and are probed by a step-function weak field on the same atomic transition. The temporal relaxation of the probe spectra to their steady-state values is found to depend critically on the initial atom--pump-field dressed-state populations and coherences. The transient spectra may be composed of absorption-emission structure that is totally absent in the steady-state limit. A simple physical interpretation of the spectra is given in terms of a conventional dressed-atom picture. In addition, we study the effects of collisions on transient probe spectra and investigate the transient buildup of several collision-induced features in the spectra.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.36.3845

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We analyze the transient probe spectra that arise when two-level atoms in an atomic beam are excited by a ``pump'' laser field and are probed by a step-function weak field on the same atomic transition. The temporal relaxation of the probe spectra to their steady-state values is found to depend critically on the initial atom--pump-field dressed-state populations and coherences. The transient spectra may be composed of absorption-emission structure that is totally absent in the steady-state limit. A simple physical interpretation of the spectra is given in terms of a conventional dressed-atom picture. In addition, we study the effects of collisions on transient probe spectra and investigate the transient buildup of several collision-induced features in the spectra.
We analyze the transient probe spectra that arise when a three-level atom is strongly driven by an optical field nearly resonant with one transition and is probed by a step-function weak field on a coupled transition. We pay particular attention to the effect of imbalances in the initial dressed-state populations on the observed spectra. As recently pointed out, such imbalances may be induced by sudden changes in the phase of the driving field. We find that transient probe spectra may differ dramatically for different initial atomic conditions. We follow the temporal relaxation of these novel probe spectra to their steady-state form. Our calculations do not include the effect of inhomogeneous broadening and are hence appropriate to studies of collimated atomic beams.
We study the transient fluorescence spectra of two-level atoms driven by a strong optical field when the atoms are initially prepared in pure dressed states of the atom-field Hamiltonian. Spectra obtained here differ qualitatively from those observed in the steady state. In the case of steady-state resonant excitation, a three-peaked spectrum symmetric about the laser frequency is obtained; with pure-dressed-state preparation, the symmetry of the spectrum about the driving field is broken---one side peak is initially enhanced and the other is initially suppressed. Furthermore, the temporal oscillations of fluorescence intensity observed in previous calculations of transient fluorescence spectra appropriate to atoms prepared in a superposition of dressed states [J. H. Eberly et al., J. Phys. B 13, 217 (1980)] are suppressed when pure-dressed-state preparation is considered.
We examine the absorption of a weak probe beam by a laser driven V-type atom with a pair of closely lying excited levels, where both the driving and probe lasers interact simultaneously with the two transitions. The effects of quantum interference among decay channels on the absorption spectra are also investigated. We introduce dipole moments in the dressed-state representation and the Hamiltonian in terms of the dressed states describing the interaction between the probe and the atom. In the degenerate case, features similar to that of a driven two-level atomic system are found due to some dark transitions in the spontaneous emission and the fact that the probe beam only detects certain transitions. In the nondegenerate case, the absorption spectrum is strongly influenced by the degree of quantum interference, resulting in different line shapes for emission peaks, absorption peaks, and dispersionlike profiles. The effect of probe polarization on the absorption spectrum is also investigated.
The temporal evolution of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and absorption (EIA) coherence resonances in pump-probe spectroscopy of degenerate two-level atomic transition is studied for light intensities below saturation. Analytical expressions for the transient absorption spectra are given for simple model systems and a model for the calculation of the time-dependent response of realistic atomic transitions, where the Zeeman degeneracy is fully accounted for, is presented. EIT and EIA resonances have a similar (opposite sign) time-dependent line shape, however, the EIA evolution is slower and thus narrower lines are observed for long interaction time. Qualitative agreement with the theoretical predictions is obtained for the transient probe absorption on the 85Rb{}^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb D2{D}_{2}D2​ line in an atomic beam experiment.
Abstract The quantum dynamics of a system of Rb atoms, modeled by a V -type three-level system interacting with intense probe and pump pulses, are studied. The time-delay-dependent transient-absorption spectrum of an intense probe pulse is thus predicted, simulating pump-probe experiments in which this is preceded or followed by a strong pump pulse. Numerical results are interpreted in terms of an analytical model based on interaction operators , which quantify the transformation undergone by the system under the action of an intense pulse. The oscillating features of the resulting transient-absorption spectra, due to the coupling of several excited states, are thus interpreted in terms of the atomic population and phase changes imposed by the pump and probe pulses. Strong-field-induced phases and their influence on the resulting transient-absorption spectra are thereby investigated for different values of pump and probe intensities and frequencies, focusing on the atomic properties which are encoded in the absorption line shapes for positive and negative time delays.
The quantum dynamics of a system of Rb atoms, modeled by a V-type three-level system interacting with intense probe and pump pulses, are studied. The time-delay-dependent transient-absorption spectrum of an intense probe pulse is thus predicted, when this is preceded or followed by a strong pump pulse. Numerical results are interpreted in terms of an analytical model, which allows us to quantify the oscillating features of the resulting transient-absorption spectra in terms of the atomic populations and phases generated by the intense pulses. Strong-field-induced phases and their influence on the resulting transient-absorption spectra are thereby investigated for different values of pump and probe intensities and frequencies, focusing on the atomic properties which are encoded in the absorption line shapes for positive and negative time delays.