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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Phase effects in passive nonlinear resonators

Воронцов Михаил Александрович, К. V. Shishakov

Published Jan 31, 1991• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

New effects in passive nonlinear resonators are considered. It is shown that effective suppression of phase distortions in systems of this kind resembles phase conjugation. Control of the phase of a light wave inside such resonators can provide an active means for modifying the spatial characteristics of the output radiation by producing optical fields with the required structure.

DOI
10.1070/qe1991v021n01abeh003726

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New effects in passive nonlinear resonators are considered. It is shown that effective suppression of phase distortions in systems of this kind resembles phase conjugation. Control of the phase of a light wave inside such resonators can provide an active means for modifying the spatial characteristics of the output radiation by producing optical fields with the required structure.
Nonlinear optics normally involves the change in the susceptibility of a material due to the presence of optical radiation. In many cases, the light-matter interaction produces a change in the refractive index of the medium, as occurs in photorefractive media, as well as in Kerr-like media, Brillouin-active media and absorbing media with thermallyinduced refractive index changes. Such nonlinear refractive index variation corresponds to a change in the real part of the optical susceptibility %. In resonant materials, the optical radiation induces stimulated emission (or absorption) causing transfer of population between different energy states of the medium. This can lead to saturation of the amplification (or absorption) corresponding to changes in the imaginary part of the susceptibility x= i2odk where the amplitude gain coefficient a(I) is a saturable function of the intensity /, and k is the magnitude of the wavevector of the optical radiation. The interference of two (or more) coherent beams I(x) in the laser amplifier can cause a modulation of the population inversion N(x). This modulation of the inversion is commonly known as spatial hole burning in lasers and leads to formation of a gain-grating a(x) = 1/2GN(X) where G is the stimulated emission cross-section. The gain grating can act as a very efficient diffractive optical element exhibiting high diffraction efficiency that may be even greater than unity [16] and also very high phase conjugate reflectivity using four-wave mixing (FWM) geometries [5-7].
Nonlinear optical properties in thin layers are investigated near a phase conjugate mirror. By using a rigorous electromagnetic theory of volume gratings the wave distortion correction by phase conjugation is examined in a nonlinear Kerr medium and Agarwal's theorem is numerically demonstrated. At specific incidence angles guided modes are formed inside the layered structure. When the nonlinearity is increased optical bistability is observed in waveguide resonances. An analytic solution is developed to explain the numerical data.
Phase conjugated light waves reverse phase distortions in media with negligible absorption or for paraxial beam propagation [1]. We examine here a different case in which a volume conjugating medium is itself imperfect, possessing phase distortions and a conjugating efficiency dependent on grating spatial frequency. We show theoretically that for multiplexed signals, cross-talk-free phase-conjugation is obtained only for negligible spatial-frequency dispersion and a phase-conjugated reference or pump wave, and we present supporting experimental results.