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Optics Letters

Total dephasing–rephasing balancing in Stark-pulse-modulated photon echoes

Felix R. Graf, Bernd H. Plagemann, Alois Renn, Urs P. Wild, Masaharu Mitsunaga

Published Feb 1, 1997• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Using Stark-pulse-modulated photon echoes, we observe a novel type of rephasing phenomenon in a Eu(3+) - and Pr(3+) -codoped Y(2)SiO(5) crystal. By adjusting the Stark pulse during the rephasing and dephasing periods one can observe a full recovery of the photon echo, corresponding to perfect dephasing-rephasing balancing of the perturbations. We propose to use this effect as a spectroscopic technique to distinguish between reversible and irreversible Stark interactions.

DOI
10.1364/ol.22.000181

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Journal of the Physical Society of Japan•Nov 1, 1998•1 citation
Using Stark-pulse-modulated photon echoes, we observe a novel type of rephasing phenomenon in a Eu(3+) - and Pr(3+) -codoped Y(2)SiO(5) crystal. By adjusting the Stark pulse during the rephasing and dephasing periods one can observe a full recovery of the photon echo, corresponding to perfect dephasing-rephasing balancing of the perturbations. We propose to use this effect as a spectroscopic technique to distinguish between reversible and irreversible Stark interactions.
The excitation dephasing in solids resulting from the interaction with neighboring species' excitations is investigated. The frequency shifts due to these interactions are identified by the observation of partial dephasing-rephasing balancing in bichromatic photon-echo experiments applied to rare-earth ion doped crystals. The experimental observations are in good agreement with the predictions obtained from a model which accounts for the disorder in the crystal and for the stochastic nature of the excitations.
We show that Stark-pulse-modulated photon echoes in an impurity-ion-doped crystal are generally characterized by a complex oscillatory behavior with two or more frequency components which results from the interference of the static dipole moment differences of ions located at inequivalent sites. We analyze this phenomenon using group theory and present experimental evidence for a Pr3+{\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}Pr3+- and Eu3+{\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}Eu3+-codoped YAlO3{\mathrm{YAlO}}_{3}YAlO3​ and a Pr3+{\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}Pr3+-doped Y2{\mathrm{Y}}_{2}Y2​SiO5{\mathrm{SiO}}_{5}SiO5​ crystal. It is demonstrated that the orientations of the dipole moments and of the crystal axes can be determined with subdegree accuracy.
We study the optical properties of rare-earth-ion-doped inorganic crystals with an emphasis on the dependence of two-pulse photon echoes on the excitation density in the system. The experimental investigations concentrate on Pr3+{\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}Pr3+:Nd3+{\mathrm{Nd}}^{3+}Nd3+:Eu3+{\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}Eu3+ codoped Y2{\mathrm{Y}}_{2}Y2​SiO5{\mathrm{O}}_{5}O5​ and YAlO3{\mathrm{O}}_{3}O3​ crystals at low temperatures. With two pulses of one laser the echo is induced in one ion species and with a third, "scrambler" pulse of a second laser another species is excited. These scrambler excitations lead to a dephasing and thus to an echo attenuation which depends on the strength, frequency, and time of the scrambler pulse. The spectral sensitivity of the echo attenuation is used for a spectroscopic technique: "photon-echo attenuation spectroscopy." As a function of the delay time ts{t}_{s}ts​ between the scrambler pulse and the onset of the two-pulse echo sequence the attenuation shows a very specific behavior dictated by the excitation-induced frequency shifts (EFS's). For ts{t}_{s}ts​ between the two echo-inducing pulses the echo intensity is partially regained by the "dephasing-rephasing balancing" of the reversible EFS's. For the theoretical description a stochastic model is introduced and the dephasing by excitation-induced lattice vibrations and by EFS's are analyzed in detail. The present results are discussed in the light of previous experimental and theoretical investigations.
We report a spectroscopic method for precisely measuring the effects of very small energy-shifting perturbations such as the Stark effect, with subhomogeneous-linewidth resolution. This method combines the conventional 2-pulse photon echo or stimulated photon echo with an interferometric technique based on the manipulation of the optical phase of an absorbing species with the perturbing field. This is illustrated by the Stark effect on the 7^{7}7F0{\mathit{F}}_{0}F0​${\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}^{5}$D0{\mathit{D}}_{0}D0​ transition of Eu3+{\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}Eu3+:YAlO3{\mathrm{YAlO}}_{3}YAlO3​, where we measure a Stark coefficient of 33.7 kHz/V ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ with a resolution of 1.9 kHz.
Optical dephasing in a number of crystalline samples of Y 2 O 3 : Eu 3+ prepared by two different crystal-growth techniques were measured using two pulse photon echo method. For crystals prepared by a laser-heated pedestal growth, we report the dephasing rate, 1/ T m , at 1.4 K is up to two orders of magnitude faster than that previuosly reported for the flame fusion growth crystal. The spatial dependence of the optical dephasing rate, measured by TPPE (two-pulse photon echo), tells that the environments of echo producing ions at least highly depend on the spatial position which can not be detected by conventional laser spectroscopy techniques, suggesting two-pulse photon echo experiment can be served as a tool for probing the uniformity of the samples.