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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Influence of collisions on nonlinear absorption spectrum in the region of the 3s2-2p4transition in neon

Im Tkhek-De, Victor P. Kochanov, Sergei G Rautian, Э. Г. Сапрыкин, Anatolii M. Shalagin

Published Mar 31, 1976• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

An investigation was made of the absorption of a weak laser wave in the presence of an opposite wave causing saturation. The contribution to the line width due to the atom-atom and atom-electron collisions was determined. The influence of the discharge current and pressure on the ratio of the homogeneous and inhomogeneous components of the saturation was established. Theoretical models were used to explain the experimental results.

DOI
10.1070/qe1976v006n03abeh010993

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An investigation was made of the absorption of a weak laser wave in the presence of an opposite wave causing saturation. The contribution to the line width due to the atom-atom and atom-electron collisions was determined. The influence of the discharge current and pressure on the ratio of the homogeneous and inhomogeneous components of the saturation was established. Theoretical models were used to explain the experimental results.
We report experiments which show that saturation of the inhomogeneously broadened 6328-\AA{} neon-laser line is strongly affected by cross relaxation which tends to redistribute the excited atoms over the Maxwellian velocity distribution and thus leads to partially homogeneous line saturation. Our results for Ne20{\mathrm{Ne}}^{20}Ne20 discharges agree well with theoretical calculations based on a "strong-collision" model. Results for He3{\mathrm{He}}^{3}He3:Ne20{\mathrm{Ne}}^{20}Ne20x mixtures show deviations from this model that we attribute to the "weak" cross relaxation caused by He-Ne collisions.
The review deals with resonance phenomena resulting from saturation of low-pressure-gas absorption lines by a coherent optical field, when the spectral lines are inhomogeneously broadened by the Doppler effect. Principal attention is paid to narrow resonances of width much smaller than the Doppler widths, which are produced upon saturation of the absorption by light waves under various experimental conditions (inside and outside the laser resonator, in traveling and standing waves, in spatially separated waves, etc.), owing to different effects (absorption saturation, mode interaction in the laser). Each of the phenomena is considered from both the theoretical and the experimental points of view. The phenomena considered serve as a basis of a new branch of optical spectroscopy, namely nonlinear laser spectroscopy of ultrahigh resolution.
The interaction of polychromatic radiation of a dye laser with a neon gas-discharge plasma in shielded cylindrical tubes at medium gas pressures (1-30 Torr) near atomic spectral absorption lines of NeI atoms with wavelengths 650.6 and 656.2 nm was experimentally studied. Along the direction of propagation of the laser radiation, a shift in the central frequency of absorption is observed in the presence of inhomogeneities in the plasma column. The character of the optical transmission spectrum near narrow resonances was empirically shown to substantially depend on the density of absorbing atoms in a plasma; if this density exceeds 1012 cm-3, the contour of the transmission spectrum near the absorption resonance acquires a dispersive form. The general laws of the formation of nonstationary plasma transmission spectra depending on the laser power, the density of absorbing atoms, the nature of plasma inhomogeneities along the direction of propagation of laser radiation are examined in detail. The role of nonlinear and coherent effects and phase self-modulation during resonant interaction of short pulses of polychromatic laser radiation with gas-discharge plasma in narrow shielded tubes is discussed.
The effect of an intense pump beam on the intensity of the phase-conjugated emission is studied in the case of a three-level atom. We first extend to the case of cross-polarized pump beams the dressed-atom model that we have presented previously [Phys. Rev. A 34, 4008 (1986)] for the case of two-level atoms. The range of validity of our theory is \ensuremath{\Gamma} (natural width) ${\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{1}$ (Rabi frequency of the intense pump) ku (Doppler width). We have studied the line shape in degenerate four-wave mixing, the influence of a static magnetic field, and the resonances that appear in nondegenerate four-wave mixing. Experiments are done in a neon discharge using cw dye lasers. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. In degenerate four-wave mixing, we have shown that the saturating dip disappears when the weak beams have orthogonal polarizations. In the presence of a static magnetic field and in the nearly degenerate case, narrow resonances corresponding to transitions between energy levels of the dressed atom are observed. The intensity and the width of these resonances are in very good agreement with the predictions of the theoretical model.
An important problem in saturated absorption spectroscopy is discussed: the width of a nonlinear absorption resonance in a low-pressure gas in a standing wave field. It is shown that the results reported by A.N. Titov et al. are incorrect. These authors stated that at weak saturations the resonance width is of the order of the reciprocal transit time of an atom traveling at the thermal velocity across a light beam. The specific source of the error is indicated, which is an incorrect mathematical treatment of the correct initial equations. It is also shown that the saturated absorption line profile in the transit limit is almost independent of the laser field configuration.