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Physical review. B, Condensed matter

Interferometric analysis of resonant Rayleigh scattering from two-dimensional excitons

Stefan Haacke, Sacha Schaer, B. Deveaud, Vincenzo Savona

Published Feb 15, 2000• 24 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have performed spectral interferometry with Rayleigh scattered light coming from a single speckle and emitted after resonant creation of excitons in GaAs quantum wells. The experiment confirms the coherence of the secondary emission at early times, regardless of sample parameters, but underlines the stochastic nature of a single speckle. The scattered electric field is calculated, correctly accounting for the center-of-mass quantization in the disordered potential. We find that the amplitudes of the electric fields emitted by different excitons are uncorrelated, so that the well-known Poisson distribution for speckle intensities applies.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.61.r5109

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We have performed spectral interferometry with Rayleigh scattered light coming from a single speckle and emitted after resonant creation of excitons in GaAs quantum wells. The experiment confirms the coherence of the secondary emission at early times, regardless of sample parameters, but underlines the stochastic nature of a single speckle. The scattered electric field is calculated, correctly accounting for the center-of-mass quantization in the disordered potential. We find that the amplitudes of the electric fields emitted by different excitons are uncorrelated, so that the well-known Poisson distribution for speckle intensities applies.
Summary form only given. The question of the coherence properties of the radiation from two-dimensional electron-hole-pair states in systems of reduced dimensionality has recently gained new interest both in theory and experiment. In these experiments the light emission from a short-pulse excited semiconductor QW in a direction different from the excitation or reflection directions (secondary emission, SE) was studied either by spectral interferometry or speckle analysis. As origin of the SE either disorder or Coulomb interaction is under discussion. We report in our contribution a careful study of both the specular and non-specular resonant-emission from GaAs quantum well exciton states applying interferometric controlled spectral interferometry with an accuracy of about 50 attosetonds.
Summary form only given. After the first observation of resonance scattering from excitons in quantum wells about 1980, this topic has received much interest and has given rise to a hot debate on the origin of this scattering process. Recently, the determination of the temporal behaviour and the coherence properties of this scattering has initiated revival of interferometric techniques in semiconductor optics. Finally, the observation of speckles in the angular distribution proved that this scattering indeed originates from exciton states localized by disorder. However, complementary information on the nature of the excitons and the interplay between scattering and luminescence can be obtained from high resolution cw spectroscopy, having the advantage that only a small fraction of the states within the homogeneous linewidth is excited. However yhe polarization behaviour is quite different for the coherent Rayleigh component and the luminescence, depending on the orientation, splitting and relaxation of the localized states. The experimental results for a 20 nm wide GaAs quantum well clearly confirm this prediction.
We report the first investigation of resonant secondary emission from quantum well excitons using ultrafast spectral interferometry. Observation of high-contrast spectral fringes demonstrates a significant phase correlation of the spectral components of the Rayleigh scattered light and allows us to determine the temporal dynamics of the coherent emission. The results contradict the present theories for resonant Rayleigh scattering based on ensemble averaging, and show the nonergodic nature of resonance Rayleigh scattering from semiconductor quantum wells.
A linear optical method to measure coherence and dephasing of excitations in solids is presented. The spectrally resolved degree of coherence of resonantly scattered light is deduced from the intensity fluctuations over its emission directions (speckles). The spectral intensity correlation gives a direct measure of the dephasing rate within the inhomogeneously broadened ensemble. For localized excitons in semiconductor quantum wells, the combination of static disorder, phonon scattering, and radiative decay leads to a spectral dependence of the emission coherence and the dephasing rate, which is well described by model calculations.
We report on the observation of coherent secondary emission from resonantly excited bound and unbound two-exciton states in quantum wells. The emission is intrinsic, in contrast to the well-known Rayleigh scattering from excitons that requires disorder. We measure the spectral amplitude and the phase (and, hence, the femtosecond dynamics) of this coherent emission using ultrafast spectral interferometry, and obtain direct information on the contributions to the nonlinear susceptibility from exciton-exciton correlations beyond the mean-field approximation.