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Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Velocity selection for ultracold atoms using a micromaser

Markus Löffler, Georg M. Meyer, HERBERT WALTHER

Published Mar 15, 1998• 39 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The velocity distribution of ultracold atoms passing through a resonant microwave cavity can narrow by more than an order of magnitude. This velocity selection is due to resonances in the transmission through dressed-state potentials. The proposed device is an atom-optical analog of a Fabry-Pérot resonator and allows for macroscopic coherence lengths.

DOI
10.1209/epl/i1998-00198-7

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arXiv:quant-ph/0502180•Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Jul 13, 2005•11 citations
The velocity distribution of ultracold atoms passing through a resonant microwave cavity can narrow by more than an order of magnitude. This velocity selection is due to resonances in the transmission through dressed-state potentials. The proposed device is an atom-optical analog of a Fabry-Pérot resonator and allows for macroscopic coherence lengths.
We investigate the transmission probability of an ultracold V-type three-level atom passing through a micromaser cavity, in the presence of atomic coherence which is established by a coherent driving field. We show that the transmissibility of this micromaser system with the atomic coherence is better than that of the ordinary micromaser system without atomic coherence. When the driving field is strong enough, for any cavity length the ultracold atom can pass through the micromaser cavity freely.
The velocity selection of the V-type three-level-atom mazer with atomic coherence is studied. It is shown that the atomic coherence can strongly affect transmission probability, and in turn, the velocity selection of atoms through the micromaser cavity. When the incident atoms are initially prepared in the lower state of the two upper ones (i.e., no injected atomic coherence), velocity selectivity is at a maximum. This shows that atomic coherence does not have a favourable effect on velocity selectivity in this scheme. The effects of other parameters are also studied.
The abrupt change in the atom-field coupling strength which an atom experiences upon passing into and out of a micromaser cavity leads to changes in the atomic center-of-mass motion. For fast (thermal) atoms, small momentum changes give rise to stimulated emission. Very slow (laser-cooled) atoms, however, can be reflected from or tunnel through the cavity, and in the process undergo a new kind of induced emission. This changes the photon statistics of the micromaser completely. Resonances occur for particular values of the interaction length.
We discuss a method to select the velocities of ultra-cold atoms with a modified Fabry-Perot type of device made of two effective barriers and a well created, respectively, by blue and red detuned lasers. The laser parameters may be used to select the peak and width of the transmitted velocity window. In particular, lowering the central well provides a peak arbitrarily close to zero velocity having a minimum but finite width. The low-energy atomic scattering off this laser device is parameterized and approximate formulae are found to describe and explain its behaviour.