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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Orthogonally arranged probes for quantum nondemolition measurement

Patrick D. Kumavor, Eric Donkor

Published Aug 5, 2003• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper we present a model for quantum measurement. This scheme consists of using two polarization-entangled photons that are orthogonal to each other to probe the atom from which we want to extract some information. The atom we use here is a two-level rubidium. These levels are the 5P3/2 and 5P1/2 and is illustrated in Fig 1. Our initial results indicate that such a scheme can slow down the rate of measurement-induced decoherence.

DOI
10.1117/12.497989

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In this paper we present a model for quantum measurement. This scheme consists of using two polarization-entangled photons that are orthogonal to each other to probe the atom from which we want to extract some information. The atom we use here is a two-level rubidium. These levels are the 5P3/2 and 5P1/2 and is illustrated in Fig 1. Our initial results indicate that such a scheme can slow down the rate of measurement-induced decoherence.
A theoretical model is presented for the interaction of a quantum system with an orthogonal polarized entangled photon-pair measurement probe. The theoretical framework is based on solving the generalized Jaynes-Cummings and Shroeder's equations to determine the phase evolution of the interacting system. The measurement-induced decoherence is expressed in terms of the temporal evolution of the relative phases of the superposition states induced by the measurement probe. The method is applied to determine the rate of decoherence of a two-qubit rubidium quantum system. Quantitative results are given to contrast measurement-induced of (i) single photon probe and (ii) orthogonal polarized and entangled probe.
The concept of entangled quantum measurement was demonstrated by the example of the fundamental value of the experiment on quantum nondemolition measurement of a photon in a resonator with the use of a probe atom [1]. The quantum-information analysis of this experiment was performed. A mechanism of information transmission in the nondemolition measurement scheme in the case of the classical and quantum formalism was demonstrated. The results were shown to coincide in both cases. This is the result of copying the classical part of the initial quantum information attributed to a set of quantum object states.
The Lindblad approach to continuous quantum measurements is applied to a system composed of a two-level atom interacting with a stationary quantized electromagnetic field through a dispersive coupling, fulfilling quantum nondemolition criteria. Two schemes of measurements are examined. The first one consists of measuring the atomic electric dipole, which indirectly allows one to infer the photon distribution inside the cavity. The second one schematizes a measurement of photon momentum, which permits one to describe the atomic level distribution. Decoherence of the corresponding reduced density matrices is studied in detail for both cases, and its relationship to recent experiments is finally discussed.
The measurement of discrete quantum systems is a vital ingredient for quantum information processors. These systems, being fragile in nature, are characterized by a perturbation or collapse of their states whenever they are measured due to measurement-induced decoherence. We propose a quantum measurement model that allows for the extraction of information from any superposed quantum system without inducing a total collapse. The methodology used involves the coupling of a quantum probe through suitable interactions that create a partial entanglement between probe and quantum system. This entanglement in turn transfers information about the quantum system to the probe. Therefore, by making measurements on the probe rather than the superposed quantum system itself, we avert a total collapse to the quantum system.