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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Fluctuations of laser pulse parameters in photon-echo memory device

Oleg Tchernyshyov, A. N. Yashin

Published Jul 12, 1993• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The way to increase signal intensity from photon echo memory cell by interference of several stimulated photon echoes is analyzed. We demonstrate that small fluctuations of optical delay time neglected thus far can dramatically affect this interference. New interpretation of an experimental result is obtained on this basis.
DOI
10.1117/12.147831

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A photon echo experiment has been performed using accumulated highly attenuated laser pulses. We show experimentally that the photon echo process can be performed with, on the average, less than one photon in each pair of excitation pulses. The results support an interpretation where this nonlinear process can be performed with, on the average, less than one photon shared between two of the optical fields involved in the degenerate four-wave-mixing process. Further, we argue that the experiment can be interpreted as a form of delayed self-interference for photon wave packets that do not overlap in both space and time.
An investigation is made of the efficiency of repeated excitation of a sample by laser pulse pairs when data are stored by the photon echo method. Fluctuations of the difference between the pulse phases in different pairs, resulting from instability of the optical path length in the delay line, are shown to prevent cophasal superposition of a set of level-population gratings. The possibility of weakening the negative influence of this effect on the intensity of the read echo signal is considered.
Based on new obtained analytical results, the main properties of photon echo quantum memory protocols are analysed and discussed together with recently achieved experimental results. The main attention is paid to studying the influence of spectral dispersion and nonlinear interaction of light pulses with resonant atoms. The distinctive features of the effect of spectral dispersion on the quantum storage of broadband signal pulses in the studied echo protocols are identified and discussed. Using photon echo area theorem, closed analytical solutions for echo protocols of quantum memory are obtained, describing the storage of weak and intense signal pulses, allowing us to find the conditions for the implementation of high efficiency in the echo protocols under strong nonlinear interaction of signal and control pulses with atoms. The key existing practical problems and the ways to solve them in realistic experimental conditions are outlined. We also briefly discuss the potential of using the considered photon echo quantum memory protocols in a quantum repeater.
When the intensity of photon echo in a two-level system is measured as a function of delay time of the two input pulses, one obtains a simple exponential decay with the characteristic phase relaxation time. When the two levels contain hyperfine structures, the interference among the hyperfine levels gives rise to modulation of the decay envelope. The Fourier transform of the modulation pattern reveals the hyperfine structure of the rare-earth ions. The hyperfine structure, and therefore the modulation pattern, are both sensitively affected by the crystal environment of the ionic site. We extend photon-echo modulation spectroscopy to three-pulse, stimulated photon-echo modulation, and we find that the stimulated echo modulation patterns are quite distinct from the two-pulse, photon-echo case and are affected by a different set of atomic and crystal interaction parameters. The modulation is measured, in several photon-echo transitions of praseodymium ions in lanthanum trifluoride and yttrium aluminum garnet crystals, as functions of delay times between first and second pulses and between first and third pulses. Comparison of the experimental results with density-matrix calculations allows us to determine hyperfine parameters that are not easily observed with two-pulse echo modulation.
An optical three-pulse stimulated echo signal is analyzed theoretically and numerically for three pulses of arbitrary shape in a medium having hyperfine structures in the ground and excited states. The feasibility of its use as an optical fast-memory device is emphasized. Numerical analysis shows that the fidelity of the memory is reasonably good as long as the storage time T is short compared with the excited-state lifetime T1. However, the echo suffers severe modulation because of the hyperfine structures when T exceeds T1.