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Journal of the Korean Physical Society

Ising antiferromagnets on honeycomb and square lattices in the critical magnetic field

Seung‐Yeon Kim

Published Dec 1, 2012• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The important properties of the Ising antiferromagnets on honeycomb lattice and square lattice in the critical magnetic field B c (B c = 3|J| for honeycomb lattice and B c = 4|J| for square lattice with coupling constant J) are investigated by evaluating exactly all their possible ground states on L × 2L honeycomb lattices (L = 4 ∼ 14) and L × L square lattices (L = 4 ∼ 16) with cylindrical boundary conditions. In particular, the properties of the honeycomb-lattice Ising antiferromagnet in the critical magnetic field B c are unveiled for the first time.

DOI
10.3938/jkps.61.1950

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The important properties of the Ising antiferromagnets on honeycomb lattice and square lattice in the critical magnetic field B c (B c = 3|J| for honeycomb lattice and B c = 4|J| for square lattice with coupling constant J) are investigated by evaluating exactly all their possible ground states on L × 2L honeycomb lattices (L = 4 ∼ 14) and L × L square lattices (L = 4 ∼ 16) with cylindrical boundary conditions. In particular, the properties of the honeycomb-lattice Ising antiferromagnet in the critical magnetic field B c are unveiled for the first time.
The properties of the antiferromagnetic Ising model in the critical magnetic field are investigated by evaluating exactly its all possible ground states on L × L square lattice (L = 4∼16) with free boundary conditions for the first time. From the exact integer values for the number of ground states Ωc(L) on L × L square lattice, the exact ground-state entropy (in unit of the Boltzmann constant kB) per volume sc(L) = L−2lnΩc(L) and the exact ground-state magnetization mc(L;T = 0) = L−2〈Σiσi〉 are calculated in the critical magnetic field, where σi is the magnetic spin on a lattice site i. The values of the ground-state entropy sc(L) and the ground-state magnetization mc(L), in the limit L → ∞, are accurately estimated to be sc/kB = 0.40750±0.00108 and mc = 0.54696±0.00065. In addition, for the first time, we estimate the values of the scaling exponents ωs and ωm, controlling the finite-size scaling behaviors of the ground-state entropy and the ground-state magnetization as sc−sc(L)∼L−ωs and mc−mc(L)∼L−ωm respectively. Our results show clearly that ωs = ωm = 1.
Numerical transfer-matrix methods are used to discuss the shape of the phase diagram, in field-temperature parameter space, of two-dimensional honeycomb-lattice Ising spin-1/2 magnets, with antiferromagnetic couplings along at least one lattice axis, in a uniform external field. Both the order and universality class of the underlying phase transition are examined as well. Our results indicate that in one particular case, the critical line has, at least to a very good approximation, a horizontal section (i.e., at constant field) of finite length, starting at the zero-temperature end of the phase boundary. Other than that, we find no evidence of unusual behavior, at variance with the re-entrant features predicted in earlier studies.
A closed-form expression is proposed for the critical frontier, or the critical line, of the antiferromagnetic Ising model on the honeycomb lattice in a nonzero external magnetic field. We formulate the Ising model as an 8-vertex model and identify the critical frontier as a locus invariant under a generalized weak-graph transformation. In its simplest form the locus is an expression containing two unknown constants which we determine numerically. The resulting critical frontier lies very close to results of a finite-size analysis.
Monte Carlo simulations are used to study the location and nature of phase boundaries for Ising square lattices with antiferromagnetic coupling JNN{J}_{\mathrm{NN}}JNN​ between nearest neighbors and additional interactions JNNN{J}_{\mathrm{NNN}}JNNN​ between next-nearest neighbors and J3NN{J}_{3\mathrm{N}\mathrm{N}}J3NN​ between third-nearest neighbors. Results in zero magnetic field are obtained for a wide range of R=JNNN/JNN{J}_{\mathrm{NNN}/{J}_{\mathrm{NN}}}JNNN/JNN​​ and R'=J3NN/JNN{J}_{3\mathrm{N}\mathrm{N}/{J}_{\mathrm{NN}}}J3NN/JNN​​. In addition to the c(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2) and (2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) phases, which also occur for R'=0, we find new (4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4) and (4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2) ordered states, for R'\ensuremath{\ne}0, which are separated from the disordered state by lines of first-order transitions. The nonuniversal critical behavior of the (2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) phase is studied using the block-distribution method and finite-size scaling. The possible existence of incommensurate phases is also explored.