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Physical Review A

Optical saturation resonances in radio-frequency-dressed molecules

F. Bylicki, M. Kolwas, H.G. Weber

Published Mar 1, 1982• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In an optical radio-frequency double-resonance experiment on N${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ optical saturation resonances are observed. These resonances appear superimposed on the normal magnetic resonance spectrum. With increasing laser light intensity they change the resonance spectrum considerably. We present a model to describe the observed saturation phenomena: The resonances are attributed to the interaction of two optical photons and at least one radio-frequency photon with the molecule. The theory shows that saturation resonances appear in the population and in the coherence of the dressed-molecule levels in agreement with the experimental results.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.25.1550

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In an optical radio-frequency double-resonance experiment on NO2{\mathrm{O}}_{2}O2​ optical saturation resonances are observed. These resonances appear superimposed on the normal magnetic resonance spectrum. With increasing laser light intensity they change the resonance spectrum considerably. We present a model to describe the observed saturation phenomena: The resonances are attributed to the interaction of two optical photons and at least one radio-frequency photon with the molecule. The theory shows that saturation resonances appear in the population and in the coherence of the dressed-molecule levels in agreement with the experimental results.
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With use of a narrow-band laser, the free NO2{\mathrm{NO}}_{2}NO2​ molecule is prepared in a well-defined excited state under conditions that correspond to an optical-frequency--radiofrequency double-resonance experiment. We observe a resonant increase or decrease (dependent on the divergence of the light beam) of the total fluorescence intensity when the radiofrequency field is in resonance with the Zeeman splitting in the ground or excited state of the laser-induced transition. These resonances differ significantly from well-known optical-rf double-resonance signals and laser saturation effects. The resonances are, however, well described with use of a model which assumes an irreversible evolution in the free NO2{\mathrm{NO}}_{2}NO2​ molecule.
We theoretically and experimentally investigate the laser-detected magnetic resonance spectra dressed by a radio-frequency magnetic field in F g = 4 of D1 line of cesium atoms. The analytical expression of the transmission spectrum for magnetic resonance dressed by a radio-frequency magnetic field is derived and has substantial agreement with the transmission spectra observed in the experiment. The theoretical prediction of the ratio of the amplitudes of the two sidebands with the detuning is basically consistent with the experimental data, which confirms the validity of the analytical expression. The separation between the two sidebands under resonance shows a highly linear proportion to the amplitude of the dressing field, which may provide a useful scheme for the measurement of radio-frequency magnetic field and magnetic imaging.
A strong radio-frequency field couples two excited atomic states which also interact with the virtual radiation field. The radio-frequency field dresses the atomic states and the virtual radiation field causes them to decay spontaneously. The spectrum of the emitted radiation is calculated by Fourier transforming the differential equations for the amplitudes. The solutions are given in terms of recurrence relationships which can be evaluated to any desired accuracy. The optical radiation field acts as a probe on the dressed atomic states. The spectrum shows all the radio-frequency induced resonances. The frequencies of the states and the Bloch-Siegert shifts of the multi-photon resonances can be deduced from this spectrum.
We report an experimental study on the ground-state magnetic resonances of optically pumped cesium vapors at lower temperatures of about 30°C–40°C. A longitudinal static magnetic field is applied along the single laser beam to control the splitting of the Zeeman sublevels of the ground state. When the laser frequency is set to the cesium D1 spectral line (F=3→F′=4), by modifying the transverse radio frequency field, we find that the unusual weaker-absorption and zero-dip resonance phenomena occur in the optical-magnetic resonance (OMR) effects, which is called the cesium optical-RF resonance line reversals and doubling in this paper. We explore a theoretical description for these phenomena by using density matrix equations, and our calculated results are in approximate agreement with the experimental results.
The molecular response in laser intracavity experiments where molecules interact simultaneously with a radio frequency field and an infrared one is analyzed theoretically. In the quantized field approach the molecule–radio frequency interaction is treated exactly. For the laser intensity the density matrix equations are solved either in a third-order perturbation treatment or through a matrix continued fraction analysis. The resonance line shapes in different two-level and three-level configurations are analyzed numerically.