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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

DAVLL lineshapes in atomic rubidium

Alfred Millett-Sikking, Ifan G. Hughes, Patrick Tierney, Simon L. Cornish

Published Dec 20, 2006• 64 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A comprehensive study of the dichroic atomic vapour laser lock (DAVLL) lineshapes for the D2 transitions in atomic rubidium is presented. All four Doppler-broadened transitions ( 87 Rb F = 1 → F ', 87 Rb F = 2 → F ', 85 Rb F = 2 → F ' and 85 Rb F = 3 → F ' ) have been studied. We have characterized experimentally the dependence of the DAVLL lineshape on magnetic field, angle of the quarter-wave plate and cell temperature. We discuss the sensitivity of the spectra to these parameters, and highlight optimal operating parameters for use of DAVLL to generate laser frequency discriminant signals (laser 'locking').

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/40/1/017

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A comprehensive study of the dichroic atomic vapour laser lock (DAVLL) lineshapes for the D2 transitions in atomic rubidium is presented. All four Doppler-broadened transitions ( 87 Rb F = 1 → F ', 87 Rb F = 2 → F ', 85 Rb F = 2 → F ' and 85 Rb F = 3 → F ' ) have been studied. We have characterized experimentally the dependence of the DAVLL lineshape on magnetic field, angle of the quarter-wave plate and cell temperature. We discuss the sensitivity of the spectra to these parameters, and highlight optimal operating parameters for use of DAVLL to generate laser frequency discriminant signals (laser 'locking').
We present a comprehensive theoretical and experimental study of the lineshape in sub-Doppler dichroic atomic vapor laser lock (DAVLL) spectroscopy of the D1 transition lines of 87 Rb and 85 Rb atoms. By calculating sub-Doppler DAVLL spectra with both density matrix equations and rate equations, we found that the coherence effect is significantly dependent on the branching ratios of the transition lines. In addition, we investigated the dependence of the amplitude and slope of the spectra on the applied magnetic field and pump beam power, and found good agreement with the results calculated from the rate equations.
We discuss the physics of sub-Doppler DAVLL spectroscopy, which employs a pump beam with an axial magnetic field to induce dichroism in an atomic vapour. The dichroism is measured by a counterpropagating probe beam, while the pump generates sub-Doppler spectral features. The magnitude of the field is chosen to shift the frequency of the absorption features by an amount comparable to their linewidth. The reference signals obtained are ideal for laser frequency discriminant signals (laser 'locking' to the atomic transition) without frequency modulation. We discuss the sensitivity of the spectra to magnetic field, laser power and polarization purity, and suggest operating parameters for the 87 Rb F = 2 → F' = 3, 2 crossover transition which maximize the signal amplitude and gradient.
A theoretical and experimental study of lineshapes in sub-Doppler DAVLL (dichroic atomic vapor laser lock) spectroscopy for the D lines of Rb atoms was presented. From the calculation of sub-Doppler DAVLL spectra using both density matrix equations and rate equations we found that the coherence effect depended significantly on the branching ratios of the transition lines. We also investigated the dependence of the amplitude and the slope of the spectra on the magnetic field and the pump beam intensity, and found good agreement with the results calculated from the rate equation.
The design and performance of a compact heated vapor cell unit for realizing a dichroic atomic vapor laser lock (DAVLL) for the D(2) transitions in atomic rubidium is described. A 5 cm long vapor cell is placed in a double-solenoid arrangement to produce the required magnetic field; the heat from the solenoid is used to increase the vapor pressure and correspondingly the DAVLL signal. We have characterized experimentally the dependence of important features of the DAVLL signal on magnetic field and cell temperature. For the weaker transitions both the amplitude and gradient of the signal are increased by an order of magnitude.
We report the frequency stabilization of a diode laser by applying the dichroic-atomic-vapor laser lock (DAVLL) method to a thin Rb vapor cell. A 1-mm-long Rb vapor cell is used to obtain a sub-Doppler spectrum that is required for frequency locking, which is easier than in the case of using a saturated absorption spectrometer. A 794-nm diode laser is tuned to the Rb D 1 line, and sub-Doppler signals are observed by introducing a pumping beam and a probe beam in a perpendicular direction. We obtain error signals by subtracting the signals of σ+ polarized beams from that of σ- polarized beams in the presence of a magnetic field and stabilized the 794 nm diode laser frequency without modulating laser parameters. The stability of the 794-nm diode laser is evaluated using other independently stabilized diode laser.
We demonstrate a non-crossover sub-Doppler dichroic atomic vapor laser locking (DAVLL) in selective reflection scheme, which allows us to obtain a modulation-free laser locking with wide tuneable range. The dependence of peak-to-peak amplitude, tuneable range and the slope near the zero-crossing point of error signal on the frequency shift induced by the magnetic fields are studied. The adjustable error signal by the varying external magnetic field can offer the laser locking from the order of tens MHz to hundreds MHz. The ultimate dither of locked laser frequency is less than 0.5 MHz. The square root of Allan variance of the error signals reaches a minimum of 3 × 10−10 for an averaging time of 130 s.