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The Rochester Conferences on Coherence and Quantum Optics and the Quantum Information and Measurement meeting

Optical Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics: A Toolbox for Deterministic Quantum Information Science with Stationary Atoms and Flying Photons

Gerhard Rempe, M. Hijlkema, Axel Kuhn, Holger Specht, B. Weber, S. C. Webster, Tatjana Wilk

Published Jan 1, 2007• 16 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We review recent experiments with single atoms strongly coupled to high-finesse optical cavities, highlighting deterministic schemes for the production of polarized single photons, the generation of an entanglement between a stationary atom and a flying photon, the mapping of a quantum state from an atom onto a photon, the emission of an entangled photon pair, and the generation of an up-to-half-a-minute long stream of single photons from one-and-the-same atom.

DOI
10.1364/cqo.2007.cmf3

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A single atom strongly coupled to a high-finesse optical-cavity is a versatile tool for quantum information processing. Utilized as a single-photon source, it allows one to generate single photons very efficiently in a well defined spatio-temporal mode. In a first experiment, polarization-control over the photons is shown. A time-resolved two-photon interference experiment proves the indistinguishability of these photons - required in various quantum information processing schemes. Moreover, in a second experiment, entanglement between the polarization of the emitted photon and the population of the atomic Zeeman levels is created. Subsequent state mapping of the atomic state onto another photon results in a pair of polarization-entangled photons emitted one after the other from the cavity. Although these schemes are in principle possible in free space, the cavity boosts the efficiency by several orders of magnitude.
A major challenge for a scalable quantum computing architecture is the faithful transfer of information from one node to another. We report on the realization of an atom-photon quantum interface based on an optical cavity, using it to entangle a single atom with a single photon and then to map the quantum state of the atom onto a second single photon. The latter step disentangles the atom from the light and produces an entangled photon pair. Our scheme is intrinsically deterministic and establishes the basic element required to realize a distributed quantum network with individual atoms at rest as quantum memories and single flying photons as quantum messengers.
Applications in quantum information and quantum cryptography require radiation sources capable of producing photons in a deterministic way. This paper reviews experiments using cavity quantum electrodynamics directed towards this aim and performed in our laboratory. Two methods will be described. One uses the one-atom maser, and the other, trapped ions in an optical cavity. In order to generate photons on demand, the one-atom maser operates under the condition of the so-called trapping states. In this situation the field of the micromaser stabilizes to photon number states. Thus, the quantum states of the radiation field become directly visible. Hence, the one-atom maser is the only experiment to show a spectrum of photon quantum states. In the second experiment, the strong localization and position control achievable in an ion trap is combined with an optical cavity in a cavity quantum electrodynamic experiment leading to a big step forward towards a deterministic photon source in the visible spectral region.
A neutral atom interacting with a single mode of a high finesse cavity provides an opportunity to study uncharted quantum mechanical systems and to explore the field of quantum computing and networking. Ranging from being a deterministic single photon source to a coherent storage unit for quantum information, a strong coupling cavity QED system has proven to be a powerful tool. In this thesis, single atoms are deterministically delivered over long distances and probed in an optical cavity. Once in the cavity, a single atom is stored and continuously observed for over 15 seconds. Progress towards using atoms in the cavity to produce entangled photon pairs is presented. Dual 1D optical lattices are implemented to create a foundation for advancements in two qubit quantum operations and entanglements.