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Physics of Particles and Nuclei

Kinetics of system of emitters and nonequilibrium electromagnetic field

Sergiy F. Lyagushyn, Alexander I. Sokolovsky

Published Nov 25, 2010• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A new step in research into the Dicke model kinetics is proposed on the basis of the Bogolyubov reduced description method. A more precise description of the emitter subsystem and electromagnetic field is considered. New reduced description parameters — emitter energy density and binary correlation functions of electric and magnetic field amplitudes — open the way to investigating non-uniform systems of two-level emitters and nonequilibrium electromagnetic field with its correlation properties. Kinetic equations for such systems have been obtained in terms of electrodynamics of continuous media consisting of two-level emitters. Material equations for corresponding media are analyzed.

DOI
10.1134/s1063779610070129

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A new step in research into the Dicke model kinetics is proposed on the basis of the Bogolyubov reduced description method. A more precise description of the emitter subsystem and electromagnetic field is considered. New reduced description parameters — emitter energy density and binary correlation functions of electric and magnetic field amplitudes — open the way to investigating non-uniform systems of two-level emitters and nonequilibrium electromagnetic field with its correlation properties. Kinetic equations for such systems have been obtained in terms of electrodynamics of continuous media consisting of two-level emitters. Material equations for corresponding media are analyzed.
Kinetics of electromagnetic field in noneqilibrim medium of atoms is studied on the basis of the Dicke model. The field is described by average electric and magnetic fields and their binary correlations. The atoms are considered in two-level approximation and assumed to be fixed in the space. States of the medium are described by the energy density. Nonresonant atom-field interaction is accounted phenomenologically. The theory is built on the Bogolyubov idea of the functional hypothesis that is the basis of his method of the reduced description of nonequilibrium processes. The investigation of the system is carried out in the framework of the Peletminsky–Yatsenko model. Atom-field interaction is assumed to be small and is taken into account up to the second contributions in the interaction included. Average electric and magnetic fields satisfy the Maxwell equations. Material equations for them express average current and charge densities through the average field. Evolution equations for the binary correlation of the field are constructed. Material equations for these equations express correlations field-current trough correlations field-field. The time equation for energy density of the medium is obtained. Density evolution is governed by the average field and field correlations. All material coefficients of the system are found.
The paper presents mathematical apparatus allowing to calculate the correlation properties of electromagnetic field generated by the Dicke system of two-level emitters. Evolution equations are constructed on the basis of Bogolyubov reduced description method for the system macrostate depicted with energy density of emitters and field amplitudes and binary correlation functions with using ideas of electrodynamics of continuous media. Modern computer calculation tools make it possible to simulate and analyze field states for various space arrangements of emitters; the corresponding mathematical problem is formulated. Glauber correlation functions should be used for diagnosing emission characteristics.
The reduced description method proceeds from Bogolyubov’s idea that at large times the non-equilibrium system evolution can be described with the limited number of parameters and principle of correlation weakening. The way to the right choice of such parameters and constructing the time evolution equations for them was opened by the works of Kharkiv school in statistical physics. A quarter of a century ago at Dnipropetrovsk National University the developed method was first applied to the Dicke system of two-level emitters interacting via electromagnetic field. The paper presents a short review of the results obtained. They include the analysis of Dicke Hamiltonian structure, the choice of reduced description parameters satisfying the Peletminskii – Yatsenko scheme conditions, the realization of this scheme for concentrated and prolonged Dicke systems resulting in the temporal equation for emitter subsystemstatistical operator. The reduced description method possibilities are illustrated with using the effective Hamiltonian concept, in particular taking into account emitter motion and higher correlations. Reformulating the theory in terms of electromagnetic field allowed to construct the electrodynamics of medium formed by two-level emitters with considering binary correlations of field variables and to put forward the problem of correlation development picture. A new method of investigating correlations in quasispin subsystem with using ferromagnetism theory approach was also proposed.
The process of self-ordering in the famous Dicke model was studied in the framework of eliminating the boson variables. But the reduced description method enables us to obtain also the picture of electromagnetic field evolution provided field amplitudes and correlation functions are included into the number of reduced description parameters. In the Dicke Hamiltonian structure the interaction term includes the operators of emitter dipole moments or dipole moment density (polarization) since a spatial system is under consideration. Thus operator evolution equations are based on using such operators and their derivatives. The chain of evolution equations for averaged field amplitudes and binary correlation functions are obtained with using the statistical operator calculated in a perturbation theory in quasispin-photon interaction assumed to be small. The problem of chain decoupling does not arise since at any step we have a closed set of equations. The sets should be solved on the basis of material equations for current density and their generalizations for more complicated correlation functions. The way to constructing such equations and estimating the material parameters which are necessary for the numerical modeling of the development of correlations is discussed in the paper.
The process of cooperative spontaneous emission in a system of two-level emitters interacting via electromagnetic field is analyzed using the Bogolyubov reduced description method, which provides the possibility of studying the state of the generated field. Field macrostates are described with electric and magnetic field amplitudes and binary correlation functions of their components. Since the previously obtained set of differential equations describing the Dicke system evolution with considering field correlations is very cumbersome, we must find some way of simplifying the model to make it accessible for numerical modeling. The general picture of correlation development can be elucidated with using one- and two-dimensional models. The paper presents the set of evolution equations for Dicke system with fixed orientation of dipole moments of emitters forming a two-dimensional structure. The material equations and equilibrium correlations are discussed. The transition to the Cauchy problem for ordinary differential equations is proposed.