Consider two PAC learning algorithms, both having access to quantum computation, but differing in the types of examples they obtain: one is provided with classical samples, while the other is given quantum samples. Are there any learning tasks that can be efficiently performed by the latter, but not by the former? This question, the focus of our work, is surprisingly still open. Our main result is to show that \emph{relative to an oracle}, there are distributions that can be efficiently generated by a quantum learner with access to quantum samples, but not by a quantum learner with access to only classical samples, making progress to answering this question in the affirmative.
We generalize the notion of probably approximately correct (PAC) learning from an example oracle to a notion of efficient learning on a quantum computer using a quantum example oracle. This quantum example oracle is a natural extension of the traditional PAC example oracle, and it immediately follows that all PAC-learnable function classes are learnable in the quantum model. Furthermore, we obtain positive quantum learning results for classes that are not known to be PAC learnable. Specifically, we show that disjunctive normal form (DNF) is efficiently learnable with respect to the uniform distribution by a quantum algorithm using a quantum example oracle. While it was already known that DNF is uniform-learnable using a membership oracle, we prove that a quantum example oracle with respect to uniform is less powerful than a membership oracle.