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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Strontium spectra in crossed electric and magnetic fields

J-P Connerade, M-S Zhan, J Rao, K T Taylor

Published Jan 1, 1999• 19 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report new experiments on the spectrum of Sr atoms in crossed electric and magnetic fields. We apply an experimental geometry which enables the two circular polarizations to be detected and recorded separately, thereby considerably simplifying the observed structure. This experimental procedure allows Stark maps for the diamagnetic structure to be constructed. We compare the data for Sr with analogous data reported recently for Ba. We also present theoretical calculations of the crossed-field spectrum, which agree well with our observations.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/32/10/305

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We report new experiments on the spectrum of Sr atoms in crossed electric and magnetic fields. We apply an experimental geometry which enables the two circular polarizations to be detected and recorded separately, thereby considerably simplifying the observed structure. This experimental procedure allows Stark maps for the diamagnetic structure to be constructed. We compare the data for Sr with analogous data reported recently for Ba. We also present theoretical calculations of the crossed-field spectrum, which agree well with our observations.
We describe a novel experiment on Rydberg atoms in crossed electric and magnetic fields, recently performed at Imperial College. The novelty resides in a combination of a crossed-field geometry with a time-gated detection technique, by which separation of the circularly polarized components is now achieved. The importance of achieving such a separation and the new opportunities it opens up are explained. By this approach, a map of the diamagnetic Stark patterns is obtained. The data exhibit interesting behaviour in that the hydrogenic and non-hydrogenic groups within the n-shell now become distinguishable. Their evolution as a function of field strength brings out the difference between linear and quadratic effects. The levels with a quadratic dependence on electric field strength eventually invade and dominate the spectrum. We surmise that the trend from order to chaos is different in crossed fields from the trend in the diamagnetic limit. We comment on further theory required to clarify this point. Our observations extend up to and slightly above the saddle-point energy.
We report on the experimental spectral observations of barium in parallel electric and magnetic fields. The laser pulse is linearly polarized along or perpendicular to the fields, leading to the states m = 0 and the states m = ±1 populated, respectively, by one photon excitation. By sweeping the electric field, we observe the linear and nonlinear splitting of the diamagnetic spectrum as the electric field increases. The spectral anticrossing is induced by the atomic core effect. The Stark spectrum also shows an obvious nonlinear quadratic behavior when the applied magnetic field varies strongly. All spectra are well explained by the full quantum calculation after taking the quantum defect effects of the channel n s up to n f into account.
Abstract We present a systematic densitometer mapping of diamagnetic effects on the principal series of Ba and Sr in absorption, with magnetic fields up to 4.7 T. The n- and l-mixing spectra are resolved in both σ- and π-polarization while the quasi-Landau resonances are observed near and above the ionization limit only in σ-polarization. Configuration interaction produces striking differences in the intensities and spacings of the n- and l-mixed spectra while only the shapes of the quasi-Landau resonances depend on the atomic systems.
The Stark effects of the Rydberg states in the alkaline-earth atoms are studied theoretically. Using a method similar to the treatment of alkali atoms, the properties of the Stark states of Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba atoms in the regions far away from the perturbers are investigated. The Stark maps for Mg ( n = 16, M = 0), Ca ( n = 10, M = 0), Sr ( n = 12, M = 0) and Ba ( n = 13, | M | = 0, 1) are presented. Topics such as the general methods of calculation, the treatment of fine structure and the structure of level anti-crossings are discussed. The comparison between the theoretical and experimental Stark maps is satisfactory.