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Physical Review A

Phase-sensitive parametric motion transducer

Mark F. Bocko, Warren W. Johnson

Published Oct 1, 1984• 21 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have built a parametric motion transducer that is a prototype for a "back-action-evasion" measuring device. Our tests demonstrate that it has the expected phase sensitivity in its fundamental mechanical-to-electrical coupling when appropriately pumped. Another test verifies the anticipated frequency and loss dependence of the coupling. A third test verifies that the absolute magnitude of coupling is reasonably close to model predictions.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.30.2135

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We have built a parametric motion transducer that is a prototype for a "back-action-evasion" measuring device. Our tests demonstrate that it has the expected phase sensitivity in its fundamental mechanical-to-electrical coupling when appropriately pumped. Another test verifies the anticipated frequency and loss dependence of the coupling. A third test verifies that the absolute magnitude of coupling is reasonably close to model predictions.
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Limitations on the sensitivity for detecting a weak classical force acting on a harmonic oscillator are imposed by the quantum mechanical properties associated with a "standard" amplitude-and-phase measurement and, classically, by the back reaction noise associated with the finite noise temperature of the amplifier used to process the measurement. These are known as the "standard quantum limit" and the "standard amplifier limit", respectively. We present the theoretical motivation behind the quest to circumvent these limits, and examine a single-transducer back-action evading measurement scheme designed to perform a phase-sensitive coupling to the oscillator, with the concomitant circumvention of the standard amplifier limit via the "squeezing" of amplifier back reaction noise. The applicability of squeezing in the detection of gravitational radiation is explored via the dependence of detection sensitivity on the physical temperature and quality factor of the resonant-bar gravitational radiation antenna, on the noise temperature of the amplifier, and on the squeezing factor of the back-action evading measurement; the success of back-action evasion in improving upon the optimum amplitude-and-phase detection sensitivities depends critically upon these parameters. Using the LSU superconducting dual-cavity accelerometer as a test platform, we present direct evidence for the establishment of a phase-sensitive coupling to an oscillator, along with a variety of indirect corroborating evidence. This data indicates that our phase-sensitive measurement scheme is indeed more sensitive to one component of the oscillator than to the other component. We also present the first evidence for the existence of back-action evasion of amplifier back reaction noise. We show theoretical expectations and experimental results for the dependence of squeezing on: input signal phases, amplitudes, and frequencies; amplifier back reaction levels; background noise; mechanical oscillator frequency; and coherent carrier contribution at the cavity resonance frequency. Squeezing factors of up to fifteen were achieved by our back-action evading measurement scheme.