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Physical Review Letters

Experimental Studies of a Strongly Driven Rabi Transition

Andrew S. M. Windsor, Changjiang Wei, Scott A. Holmstrom, John P. D. Martin, Neil B. Manson

Published Apr 6, 1998• 20 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The response of a strongly driven Rabi transition, which is associated with a strongly driven two-level atom, is studied. Such a driven Rabi transition exhibits Mollow splitting including gain features, and the Mollow spectrum associated with the original transition is also altered. We demonstrate that driving the Rabi transition produces a new transition at its own Rabi frequency, which can be driven to exhibit further Mollow splitting. Our experimental results are in good agreement with theory based on doubly dressed states.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.80.3045

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The response of a strongly driven Rabi transition, which is associated with a strongly driven two-level atom, is studied. Such a driven Rabi transition exhibits Mollow splitting including gain features, and the Mollow spectrum associated with the original transition is also altered. We demonstrate that driving the Rabi transition produces a new transition at its own Rabi frequency, which can be driven to exhibit further Mollow splitting. Our experimental results are in good agreement with theory based on doubly dressed states.
Calculations based on a full master equation approach have been made of the absorption spectrum for a certain three-level system in which two states mod 2), mod 1) are strongly driven by a near resonant monochromatic laser field whose Rabi frequency is large compared with the natural lifetime width of mod 2). A third state mod 3) is coupled to the nearby state mod 2) by a static electric field. As the static field coupling increases the spectrum in the neighbourhood of the laser frequency changes from the partly emissive, partly absorptive Mollow form to an absorptive spectrum with two strong peaks. Also, the spectrum in the neighbourhood of the upper level transition frequency changes from an Autler-Townes doublet to a spectrum where a new emissive line appears at the Rabi frequency. In terms of the dressed atom model, this transition corresponds to an intradoublet transition previously forbidden in two-level atoms, though predicted to occur in certain two-level molecular systems. The spectrum is interpreted in terms of a dressed atom model. In general terms not only do the dressed atom transition frequencies correlate well with the spectral features, but there is also good agreement between the heights and widths of the spectral features and those obtained from the full master equation approach. The importance of using the full dipole operator in the basic definitions of the spectral quantities is also demonstrated.
We have measured the emission spectrum of two-level-like Ba atoms driven by a continuous-wave bichromatic field containing a strong resonant component and a weaker component detuned from atomic resonance by the strong-field Rabi frequency. With the specified detuning, the weak field resonantly drives a transition of the atom--strong-field dressed states. Observed spectra show that each peak of the normal (single-driving-field) resonance fluorescence triplet is split into three subpeaks separated by one-half the weak-field Rabi frequency. Also seen is another triplet of peaks displaced from the atomic resonance by twice the strong-field Rabi frequency. Splitting of the normal triplet peaks can be explained through weak-field dressing of the strong-field dressed states. The origin of the additional triplet is less transparent. Comparison with theory is made.
Abstract When a two-level system is driven on resonance by a strong incident field, its emission spectrum is characterized by the well-known Mollow triplet. If the absorption from the excited state, in this continuously driven two-level system, to a third, higher energy level, is probed by a weak field, the resulting absorption spectrum features the Autler-Townes doublet with two peaks separated by the Rabi frequency of the strong driving field. It has been shown that when the two-level system is instead driven by a periodic pulse sequence, the emission spectrum obtained has similarities with the Mollow triplet even though the system is only driven during the short application time of the pulses and is allowed to evolve freely between pulses. Here, we evaluate the absorption spectrum of the three-level system in the ladder/cascade configuration when the bottom two levels are driven by a periodic pulse sequence while the transition between the middle and the highest level is probed by a weak field. The absorption spectrum displays similarities with the Autler-Townes doublet with frequency separation between the main peaks defined by the inter-pulse delay. In addition, this spectrum shows little dependence on the pulse carrier frequency. These results demonstrate the capacity to modulate the absorption spectrum of a three-level system with experimentally achievable pulse protocols.
We investigate the fluorescence spectrum of a two-level atom driven by a multiple amplitude-modulated field. The driving field is modeled as a polychromatic field composed of a strong central (resonant) component and a large number of symmetrically detuned sideband fields displaced from the central component by integer multiples of a constant detuning. Spectra obtained here differ qualitatively from those observed for a single pair of modulating fields [B. Blind, P.R. Fontana, and P. Thomann, J. Phys. B 13, 2717 (1980)]. In the case of a small number of the modulating fields, a multipeaked spectrum is obtained with the spectral features located at fixed frequencies that are independent of the number of modulating fields and their Rabi frequencies. As the number of the modulating fields increases, the spectrum ultimately evolves to the well-known Mollow triplet with the sidebands shifted from the central component by an effective Rabi frequency whose magnitude depends on the initial relative phases of the components of the driving field. For equal relative phases, the effective Rabi frequency of the driving field can be reduced to zero resulting in the disappearance of fluorescence spectrum, i.e., the atom can stop interacting with the field. When the central component and the modulating fields are $180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ out of phase, the spectrum retains its triplet structure with the sidebands located at frequencies equal to the sum of the Rabi frequencies of the component of the driving field. Moreover, we show that the frequency of spontaneous emission can be controlled and switched from one frequency to another when the Rabi frequency or initial phase of the modulating fields are varied.
We have deduced analytical solutions of an energy level diagram of the doubly driven/dressed atom for a two-level atom exposed to a strong near-resonant bichromatic laser field in a special case, i.e., the bichromatic field with frequencies ω 1 and ω 2 , and Rabi frequencies Ω 1 and Ω 2 , in which the first coupling field of Ω 1 acts on the bare atomic levels, and then the resulting singly dressed states are driven by the second coupling field of Ω 2 , thus resulting in the doubly dressed atom. We have measured the probe absorption spectra of a doubly driven two-level atom. The system consists of 5 2 S 1 / 2 , F = 2 and 5 2 P 3 / 2 , F ′ = 3 states of 87 Rb atoms in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) as well as the cooling/trapping beams and an additional coupling field. As for the spectroscopic properties of the doubly driven two-level atom, theoretical analytical solutions are in general agreement with the experimental spectrum as a whole.