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物理学前沿：英文版

Cold atom interferometers and their applications in precision measurements

Jin Wang, Lin Zhou, Runbing Li, Min Liu, Mingsheng Zhan

Published May 4, 2009• 16 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s11467-009-0045-3

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Cold-atom interferometer based on stimulated Raman transition is interesting for both fundamental researches and precision measurements. Measuring g, the free fall acceleration, plays an important role in these applications. We describe the theory of atom interferometry, including the evolution of the atomic wavepacket in gravity field, the laser-atom interaction, and the interference of the atomic waves. In this article, we introduce the procedure of measuring g using atom interferometer, the experimental setup, and the tendency of the future development. The works of the domestic and international groups for g measurement are concluded. Furthermore, the noise limits and dominant systematic effects in atom gravimeters are analyzed. The suppressions of the background vibration, the Raman phase noise, and the evaluation of the main systematic effects, are introduced. Finally, the other applications using the atom interferometers for precision measurement are presented, such as in measuring the Newton’s gravitational constant, in testing the weak equivalence principle and the other fundamental applications in physics studies.
Recent progresses on quantum control of cold atoms and trapped ions in both the scientific and technological aspects greatly advance the applications in precision measurement. Thanks to the exceptional controllability and versatility of these massive quantum systems, unprecedented sensitivity has been achieved in clocks, magnetometers, and interferometers based on cold atoms and ions. Besides, these systems also feature many characteristics that can be employed to facilitate the applications in different scenarios. In this review, we briefly introduce the principles of optical clocks, cold atom magnetometers, and atom interferometers used for precision measurement of time, magnetic field, and inertial forces. The main content is then devoted to summarize some recent experimental and theoretical progresses in these three applications, with special attention being paid to the new designs and possibilities towards better performance. The purpose of this review is by no means to give a complete overview of all important works in this fast developing field, but to draw a rough sketch about the frontiers and show the fascinating future lying ahead.