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Annals of Physics

Geometric Phases forSU(3) Representations and Three Level Quantum Systems

G. Khanna, Shomeek Mukhopadhyay, R. Simon, Narasimhaiengar Mukunda

Published Jan 1, 1997• 78 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1006/aphy.1997.5601

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We describe a recently developed generalization of the Poincaré sphere method, to represent pure states of a three-level quantum system in a convenient geometrical manner. The construction depends on the properties of the group SU(3) and its generators in the defining representation, and uses geometrical objects and operations in an eight-dimensional real Euclidean space. This construction is then used to develop a generalization of the well known Pancharatnam geometric phase formula, for evolution of a three-level system along a geodesic triangle in state space.
Generalized coherent states are developed for SU ( n ) systems for arbitrary n . This is done by first iteratively determining explicit representations for the SU ( n ) coherent states and then determining parametric representations useful for applications. For SU ( n ), the set of coherent states is isomorphic to a coset space SU ( n )/ SU ( n -1), and thus shows the geometrical structure of the coset space. These results provide a convenient (2 n -1)-dimensional space for the description of arbitrary SU ( n ) systems. We further obtain the metric and measure on the coset space and show some properties of the SU ( n ) coherent states.
The properties of the geometric phases between three quantum states are investigated in a high-dimensional Hilbert space using the Majorana representation of symmetric quantum states. We found that the geometric phases between the three quantum states in an NNN-state quantum system can be represented by $N\ensuremath{-}1$ spherical triangles on the Bloch sphere. The parameter dependence of the geometric phase was analyzed based on this picture. We found that the geometric phase exhibits rich nonlinear behavior in a high-dimensional Hilbert space.