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Physical Review A

Vector azimuthons in two-component Bose-Einstein condensates

Volodymyr M. Lashkin, Elena A. Ostrovskaya, Anton S. Desyatnikov, Yuri S. Kivshar

Published Jul 27, 2009• 19 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We introduce matter-wave vector azimuthons, i.e., spatially localized vortex states with azimuthal modulations of density, in multicomponent Bose-Einstein condensates. These localized states generalize spatially modulated vortex solitons introduced earlier in nonlinear optics [A. S. Desyatnikov, A. A. Sukhorukov, and Yu. S. Kivshar, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 203904 (2005)] and Bose-Einstein condensates [V. M. Lashkin, Phys. Rev. A 77, 025602 (2008)]. We find, numerically, nonrotating and rotating two-component azimuthons in a Bose-Einstein condensate with a negative scattering length confined by a quasi-two-dimensional parabolic trap.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.80.013615

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We introduce vector solitary waves in two-component Bose–Einstein condensates with spatially modulated nonlinearity coefficients and a harmonic trapping potential. Using the self-similarity method, novel vector solitary waves are built with the help of Whittaker function, including multipole solutions and necklace rings. The stability of vortex soliton pairs is examined by direct numerical simulation; the results show that a new class of stable low-order vortex soliton pairs with n = 2 and m ≤ 3 can be supported by the spatially modulated interaction in the harmonic trap. Higher order vector-vortex soliton is found unstable over prolonged distances.
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We have performed numerical analysis of the two-dimensional (2D) soliton solutions in Bose-Einstein condensates with nonlocal dipole-dipole interactions. For the modified 2D Gross-Pitaevski equation with nonlocal and attractive local terms, we have found numerically different types of nonlinear localized structures such as fundamental solitons, radially symmetric vortices, nonrotating multisolitons (dipoles and quadrupoles), and rotating multisolitons (azimuthons). By direct numerical simulations we show that these structures can be made stable.
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