From spooky foundations

Iulia Georgescu

Philip John Walther

Haralambos Dayantis

Andrei Yu. Khrennikov

We analyze foundational consequences of recently announced loophole free tests of violation of Bell's inequality. We consider two interpretations of these remarkable experiments. By the conventional one Einstein was wrong and Bohr was right, there is spooky action at a distance, quantum realism is incompatible with locality. However, we show that it is still possible to treat quantum mechanics without appealing to nonlocality or denying realism. We hope that this note will attract attention of the experts in quantum foundations and convince them to come with their own comments on the final Bell's test.

Andrei Yu. Khrennikov

We analyze foundational consequences of recently reported loophole free tests of violation of Bell's inequality. We consider two interpretations of these remarkable experiments. The conventional one is “Einstein was wrong and Bohr was right, there is spooky action at a distance, quantum realism is incompatible with locality.” However, in line with discussions in literature during last decade, we show that it is still possible to treat quantum mechanics without appealing to nonlocality or denying realism. We hope that this note will call the attention of experts in quantum foundations and convince them that the case is not closed, so that they should come with their own comments on the status of the final Bell test.

Philip Lilien

No signal. No spooky force. No preassigned vectors. One bivector. Two disclosures. Entanglement is not action at a distance. It is relation disclosed as distance. This paper offers a condensed refutation of the interpretation commonly called “spooky action at a distance.” It does not deny quantum entanglement, Bell correlations, or the empirical validity of quantum mechanics. Rather, it challenges the assumption that entanglement requires one particle to influence another across space. The central proposal is that an entangled pair should not be understood as two originally separate particles requiring later coordination, but as a single undisclosed bivector coherence relation that reduces into paired spin-vector outcomes under measurement. Bell’s theorem rules out preassigned local hidden vector values, but it does not require the conclusion that superluminal action occurs between distant particles. In this framework, the hidden structure is not a classical local variable, but the prior relational spin-plane from which the measured vectors are co-disclosed. Entanglement is therefore not action at a distance, but relation disclosed as distance. The phrase “spooky action at a distance” suggests that two separated particles somehow communicate or influence one another instantly. This paper argues that the phrase is misleading because it begins with the wrong picture. The entangled pair is not first two separate particles. It is first one relational coherence structure. Measurement does not send a message from one particle to another. Measurement discloses paired outcomes from the same underlying relation. In this view, the mystery is not solved by denying quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics is preserved. Bell’s theorem is preserved. No faster-than-light signal is introduced. What changes is the ontology. The measured spin vectors are not more fundamental than the relation. They are reduced disclosures of the relation. The core claim is simple: 𝓑AB → (sA, sB) One bivector relation discloses as two correlated vector outcomes. There is no spooky force crossing space. There is one coherence relation disclosed through two measurement sites. Keywords Bivector coherence; entanglement; Bell’s theorem; spooky action at a distance; quantum foundations; spin vectors; relational coherence; measurement; nonlocality; coherence disclosure.