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Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials

SQUEEZING OF THE PUMP BEAM IN OPTICAL PARAMETRIC INTERACTION

Katsuyuki Kasai, Claude Fabre

Published Oct 1, 1996• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the squeezing of the pump beam in optical parametric interaction. According to our semi-classical calculation, the pump beam reflected back from a Triply Resonant Optical Parametric Oscillator (TROPO) is squeezed.1 In this paper we preliminarily demonstrate the squeezing of the pump beam by using a semimonolithic KTP TROPO pumped by a frequency doubled LD-pumped YAG laser. Noise reduction of 1.2 dB below the shot noise level is observed in the bistable region of the parametric oscillation.

DOI
10.1142/s0218863596000659

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The Review of Laser Engineering•Jan 1, 2000•1 citation
We investigate the squeezing of the pump beam in optical parametric interaction. According to our semi-classical calculation, the pump beam reflected back from a Triply Resonant Optical Parametric Oscillator (TROPO) is squeezed.1 In this paper we preliminarily demonstrate the squeezing of the pump beam by using a semimonolithic KTP TROPO pumped by a frequency doubled LD-pumped YAG laser. Noise reduction of 1.2 dB below the shot noise level is observed in the bistable region of the parametric oscillation.
A quasi- phase-matched optical parametric oscillator(QPM OPO)consisting of a periodically poled LiNbO3(PPLN) crystal is pumped by an all-solid state single frequency Nd:YVO4 laser. The triple resonance of the pump mode and two subharmonic modes with near- degenerate frequencies are experimentally demonstrated by means of precision temperature control of the crystal. The threshold pump power is only 1.2mW. The quadrature phase noise squeezing of the pump field reflected from the OPO up to 1.1dB is observed at the pump power of 2.8 times of the oscillation threshold. The numerically calculated result is in good agreement with the experimentally measured data.
A strong quantum correlation between twin-beams at wavelength was observed. The intensity difference noise of twin-beams, which is generated by a semimonolithic OPO cavity pumped by a frequency-doubled and stabilized Nd:YAP laser, is about 80% (7 dB) below the short noise limit at the measurement frequency of 1.5 MHz. The threshold of the optical parametric oscillator is about 20 mW. The parametric dependence of the quantum correlation is experimentally investigated. The experimental results agree with the theory well.
We present a review of the Optical Parametric Oscillator (OPO), describing its operation and the quantum correlation between the light beams generated by this oscillator. We show the construction of an OPO using a Potassium Titanyl Phosphate crystal (KTP), pumped by a frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser, and discuss the stability of the system and related thermal effects. We have measured the quantum correlation of signal and idler beams in a transient regime, obtaining a noise correlation level 39 % below the shot noise level.
We have constructed a mode-locked optical parametric oscillator (OPO), synchronously pumped by the second harmonic of a continuously mode-locked Nd:YAG laser and based on type II phase matching in a KTP crystal. The two subharmonics (signal and idler waves) are nearly degenerate in frequency but are distinct orthogonal polarization states, and the oscillator is thus a nondegenerate OPO. Above threshold, the intensities of the signal and idler output beams should be highly correlated, as recently demonstrated for a similar single-frequency OPO.1 Ideally, the quantum noise on the corresponding photocurrent difference signal is completely suppressed for frequencies that are small compared to the OPO cavity bandwidth. Since this configuration produces intense light beams with potentially very good noise suppression, it is an important prototype for possible applications, e.g., to spectroscopy. Initial results with our OPO show an excess uncorrelated polarization noise, possibly due to depolarized light scattering in the KTP crystal. When the OPO cavity is stabilized with the signal and idler degenerate in frequency, they can be mixed to form a superposition by manipulating their polarization. When the oscillator is pumped below threshold, a pulsed squeezed vacuum state is produced in two such mixtures.2 When the polarizations are mixed inside the OPO cavity by a Faraday rotator, the backaction evasion necessary for a quantum nondemolition (QND) measurement of one of the field quadratures of an externally injected beam is obtained.3 The pulsed local oscillator used in observing the squeezing or QND effects is derived from the fundamental output of the pump laser. Progress in implementing these experiments with our mode-locked OPO is described as well as possible applications to time-domain measurements with noise below the shot-noise limit.
We have generated bright squeezed light and quantum-correlated twin photon beams by using a cw semimonolithic KTP Optical Parametric Oscillator (OPO), which exhibits a low oscillation threshold and is capable of oscillating even in the free-running (no external-feedback) condition. The pump beam reflected by the OPO, after a cascading nonlinearity process in the crystal, appears as bright squeezed light. The squeezing observed on the reflected pump beam from the semimonolithic OPO was 30% (inferred squeezing: 48%). The signal and idler beams generated by the optical parametric oscillator are highly quantum-correlated twin photon beams. Since the squeezing property of the intensity difference between the twin photonbeams is robust in the condition where the two fields are balanced, the squeezing can be observed even in the freerunning condition of the OPO. This intensity-difference squeezing observed between the twin photon beams from the free-running semimonolithic OPO was 70% (inferred squeezing: 87%).