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Molecular Physics

Quantum dynamics and Wigner representation of quantum mechanics

Vladimir S. Filinov, Yu. V. Medvedev, V.L. Kamskyi

Published Jul 1, 1995• 59 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A new method for solving the Wigner-Liouville equation allowing a treatment of quantum dynamics has been developed. The method combines two widely known approaches: molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo. Numerical results have been obtained for one-, two- and three-dimensional potential wells of realistic type. The quantum dynamics method was tested by a comparison of the numerical results with analytical estimates for such values as the average position x¯(t), average momentum p¯(t), energy Ē(t), position and momentum dispersions, and Heisenberg inequality.

DOI
10.1080/00268979500101421

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A new method for solving the Wigner-Liouville equation allowing a treatment of quantum dynamics has been developed. The method combines two widely known approaches: molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo. Numerical results have been obtained for one-, two- and three-dimensional potential wells of realistic type. The quantum dynamics method was tested by a comparison of the numerical results with analytical estimates for such values as the average position x¯(t), average momentum p¯(t), energy Ē(t), position and momentum dispersions, and Heisenberg inequality.
A new numerical approach to time correlation functions in the Wigner representation of quantum statistical mechanics has been developed. The time correlation functions have been presented in the form of the integral of the Weil symbol of operators and the Fourier transform of the product of matrix elements of the dynamic propagators. For the last function the integral Wigner-Liouville type equation has been derived. The initial condition for this equation has been obtained in the form of the Fourier transform of the Wiener path integral representation of the matrix elements of the propagators at initial time. The numerical procedure for solving this equation combining both molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo methods has been developed.
A new numerical approach for the calculation of quantum time correlation functions in the canonical and micro-canonical ensembles has been developed within the Wigner formulation of quantum statistical mechanics. For electrons in disordered systems of scatterers the numerical results for the tensor of static electrical conductivity have been obtained according to the quantum Kubo formula in the one-electron approximation in the canonical ensemble. The second quantity considered is the flux position time correlation function characterizing the momentum flow for tunnelling particles at the barrier crossing from one potential well to another. The difficulties with studies of exponentially small effects in the temperature averaging for the canonical ensemble has been overcome by a transition to the micro-canonical ensemble with a fixed total energy. The related integral Wigner-Liouville type equations have been obtained and a numerical approach combining both molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo methods for solving this equation has also been developed. Numerical results have been obtained for the momentum flow of a particle tunnelling through the barrier dividing two potential wells in two- and three-dimensional cases.
In the second part of this paper on micro-canonical ensemble a new numerical approach for consideration of quantum dynamics and calculations of the average values of quantum operators and time correlation functions in the Wigner representation of quantum statistical mechanics has been developed. The time correlation functions have been presented in the form of the integral of the Weyl's symbol of the considered operators and the Fourier transform of the product of matrix elements of the dynamic propagators. For the latter function the integral Wigner–Liouville's type equation has been derived. The initial condition for this equation has been obtained in the form of the Fourier transform of the Wiener path integral representation of the matrix elements of the propagators at initial time. A numerical procedure for solving this equation combining both molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo methods has been developed. Numerical results have been obtained for series of average values of the quantum operators as well as for the time correlation function characterizing the energy level structure, the momentum flow of tunnelling particles at barrier crossing and the absorption spectra of electrons in a potential well. The developed quantum dynamics method was tested by comparison of numerical results with analytical estimations. Tunnelling transitions and the effect of the quasi stationary state have been considered as the reasons for the peculiarities in behaviour of the time correlation functions and position and momentum dispersions. The possibility of applying the developed approach to the theory of classical wave propagation in random media has also been considered. For classical waves some results have been obtained for Gaussian beam propagation in 2D and 3D waveguides.
The quantum Liouville equation in the Wigner representation is solved numerically by using Monte Carlo methods. For incremental time steps, the propagation is implemented as a classical evolution in phase space modified by a quantum correction. The correction, which is a momentum jump function, is simulated in the quasi-classical approximation via a stochastic process. In this paper the technique, which is developed and validated in two- and three-dimensional momentum space, extends an earlier one-dimensional work. Also, by developing a new algorithm, the application to bound state motion in an anharmonic quartic potential shows better agreement with exact solutions in two-dimensional phase space. I. Introduction Nuclear interaction theory is formulated in the language of quantum mechanics, and hence the development of general methods of solutions to quantum dynamics will provide useful tools for application to a large class of problems in nuclear many-body theory. Different approaches...
Abstract The new method for solving Wigner–Liouville's type equations and studying dynamics of quantum particles has been developed within the Wigner formulation of quantum statistical mechanics. This approach combines both molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo methods and computes traces and spectra of the relevant dynamical quantities. Considering, as an application, the quantum dynamics of an ensemble of interacting electrons in an array of random scatterers clearly demonstrates that the many‐particle interaction between the electrons can lead to an enhancement of the electrical conductivity. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The quantum Liouville equation is solved in the Wigner representation using generalized Monte Carlo techniques. For small increments of time, the solution is represented as a sequential classical evolution in phase space followed by a quantum "jump" distribution in momentum space, with the latter simulated via a stochastic method. Extending the work initiated by John and Remler [Ann Phys. (N.Y.) 180, 152 (1987)] the technique is developed and validated for higher dimensions. Also, an alternative algorithm is developed and applied to study motion of a quantum system in an anharmonic quartic potential well, with significantly improved results.