Atomic Physics and Related Subjects.: Communications to Nature.: Scattering of Electron and α-Particles

CHRISTIAN MOLLER

Lukong Cornelius Fai

The scattering process is equivalent to the collision process and relates the physics of gaseous states, solid state physics (electrons colliding with phonons in the crystal lattice), plasma physics and so on. When we cannot directly visualize particles, scattering can be a valuable probe for their study. An example is the hydrogen atom that scattering experiments confirm it to have a nucleus with an electron orbiting around it. Scattering experiments also confirm protons to have some constituents called quarks. So the scattering theory is pivotal in understanding of the quantum nature of particles. In principle, we can formulate all problems of quantum mechanics in the language of scattering theory.

Charles E. Burkhardt, Jacob J. Leventhal

F. L. Arnot

Abstract The new wave mechanics has been eminently successful in correlating and accounting for the large amount of experimental data on the periodic properties of the atom. The applications of the new theory to aperiodic phenomena, though not nearly so numerous, have been attended with no less success; indeed, it is in these experiments on free electrons, in which diffraction patterns similar to those produced by beams of X-rays and light are obtained, that the wave nature of electrons is so clearly and objectively demonstrated. Such diffraction effects have been obtained by a number of investigators by scattering beams of homogeneous electrons in crystals, thin films and by a ruled grating. Similar effects are obtained when electrons are scattered by complex molecules, owing to the symmetrically situated nuclei in the molecular structure, and when α-particles are scattered by helium owing to interference between the waves of the scattered incident particles and recoiling helium nuclei.

Lixia Li

The Rutherford formula cannot explain α-particle's small angle scattering question.This paper deals with this problem using the quantum scattering theory-born approximation,takes account of the influence of the shielding effect of the electron and limited quality of the atomic nucleus to scattering cross-section,carries on the revision to the Rutherford scattering formula according to experimental result.