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Soviet Physics Uspekhi

Dynamic self-diffraction of coherent light beams

V. L. Vinetskiĭ, Nikolai V. Kukhtarev, S. G. Odulov, M. S. Soskin

Published Sep 30, 1979• 200 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A review is given of the present state of theoretical and experimental work on the interaction of two coherent light beams of equal frequency in a nonlinear medium. It is shown that dynamic self-diffraction is substantially different for media with different types of response. Stationary energy transfer between interacting beams is possible in the case of nonlocal nonsymmetric response, whereas this type of transfer is forbidden in the case of local response. Different mechanisms for self-induced changes in the refractive index are examined together with the corresponding processes of energy transfer between the writing beams. The more important applications of dynamic self-diffraction are discussed.

DOI
10.1070/pu1979v022n09abeh005609

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A review is given of the present state of theoretical and experimental work on the interaction of two coherent light beams of equal frequency in a nonlinear medium. It is shown that dynamic self-diffraction is substantially different for media with different types of response. Stationary energy transfer between interacting beams is possible in the case of nonlocal nonsymmetric response, whereas this type of transfer is forbidden in the case of local response. Different mechanisms for self-induced changes in the refractive index are examined together with the corresponding processes of energy transfer between the writing beams. The more important applications of dynamic self-diffraction are discussed.
A systematic study of degenerate two-wave mixing in the stationary regime in thin nonlinear local-response media is presented. The model is based on the coherent interaction of four waves, the two incident beams, and the two main diffracted waves. Analytical results are obtained in all cases investigated under the assumption of weak-beam amplification. It is demonstrated that the energy transfer arises only from the forward degenerate four-wave mixing terms. In particular, the theoretical results show two new features: (1) the gain factor of the interaction is substantially reduced because of the phase change associated with the two-wave mixing terms and (2) a phase mismatch can compensate for this phase change, leading to an appreciable gain enhancement. Moreover, the general case is solved numerically. Particular attention is given to the influence of separate two-wave and forward degenerate four-wave mixing terms. Self-diffraction effects and the gain dependence versus the ratio of the pump-beam intensity to the signal-beam intensity are investigated.
Light-induced change in the index of refraction of a Kerr medium is well known.1 Illumination with a spatially periodic light intensity leads to the formation of an index grating in the Kerr medium. We make a comparative study of the response time and power requirement for index grating formation in photorefractive and Kerr media. We examine the conditions in which the index grating in the Kerr medium will be spatially shifted from the light intensity that induces it. Two-beam coupling via Bragg diffraction from the nonlocal index grating is studied.2 The coupling constant is found to depend on the relaxation mechanism of the atoms in the Kerr media and the frequency detunings of the two beams from the line center.
We present the theoretical model of coherent interactions of the light beams in a two-level resonant medium, taking into account a spatial-periodic modulation of the parameters of nonlinear medium in an interference field as well as nonlinear behavior of refractive index and absorption coefficient due to optical bleaching. As evidenced by the results of investigations described in this work, the process of light beams interaction via scattering from dynamically-induced optical gratings in two-level resonant medium is characterized by a number of interesting features like mutual attraction and repulsion, irradiation of additional beams probably due to soliton-soliton diffraction mode, formation of dark spatial solitons in the mode of defocusing interaction that can be used for all-optical control over the spatial structure of laser beams
Two-wave mixing allows one to change effectively Intensities, phases, space profiles, polarizations and time evolution of interacting beams [1,21. We will show, that two-wave mixing of partially coherent beams may be used to increase degree of coherence of these beams. The physics of the effect under discussion is as follows: two partially coherent beams write a refraction index grating in a nonlinear medium whose position and profile are practically stationary. Scattering of strong beam on this grating in the direction of the weak one means that this weak beam acquires an addition, that is coherent with the strong beam, thereby increasing degree of coherence of the beams. Similar effects were discussed in connection with scattering of different frequency components at the common running grating [3] and with Interaction of different polarization components [4,5].
We present the theoretical model of coherent interactions of the light beams in a two-level resonant medium, taking into account a spatial-periodic modulation of the parameters of nonlinear medium in an interference field as well as nonlinear behavior of refractive index and absorption coefficient due to optical bleaching. As evidenced by the results of investigations described in this work, the process of the light beams interaction via scattering from dynamically induced optical gratings in two-level resonant medium is characterized by a number of interesting features like mutual attraction and repulsion, irradiation of additional beams probably due to soliton-soliton diffraction mode, formation of dark spatial solitons in the mode of defocusing interaction that can be used for all-optical control over the spatial structure of laser beams. Formation of bound states of spatial cavity solitons upon intracavity four-wave mixing and possibilities for control over all-optical soliton-based operations are also discussed.