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Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics

Collisions of high-Rydberg atoms in circular states with He

Takashi Yoshizawa, Michio Matsuzawa

Published Jul 28, 1984• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The collisional properties of high-Rydberg atoms in circular states with mod m mod =l approximately=n have been theoretically investigated using the free electron model. It has been found that the highly anisotropic electron density distribution of the circular state manifests itself as the propensity rule in which state changing occurs overwhelmingly between circular states in collisions with He.

DOI
10.1088/0022-3700/17/14/006

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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics•Nov 1, 2015•1 citation
The collisional properties of high-Rydberg atoms in circular states with mod m mod =l approximately=n have been theoretically investigated using the free electron model. It has been found that the highly anisotropic electron density distribution of the circular state manifests itself as the propensity rule in which state changing occurs overwhelmingly between circular states in collisions with He.
State changing of high-Rydberg atoms by collisions with rare-gas atoms have been theoretically investigated using the free-electron model. The non-selective character of transitions arising from the short range of the interaction between the high-Rydberg atoms and the rare-gas atoms is found to be strongly modified in the following two cases. First, for the high-Rydberg atoms in the circular states with | m |= l ≃ n , it has been found that transitions take place overwhelmingly between the circular states. This propensity rule originates from a highly anisotropic electron-density distribution of the initial circular states. Second, for the high-Rydberg states with large quantum defects (modulo 1), suppression of the yield of the lower angular momentum states have been observed. This cancels out the fair enhancement of the production of the high-Rydberg states with small | m | seen for the hydrogenic case with small quantum defects. It leads to the m distribution of the final states apparently proportional to their statistical weight.
For $20\ensuremath{\le}n\ensuremath{\le}45$, two types of quasielastic state-changing-collisional (QESCC) processes, i.e., (i) lll-changing and (ii) nnn-and lll-changing processes, have been theoretically investigated based on the free-electron model in which an excited Rydberg electron behaves as if it were "free" and slow with its interaction with a rare-gas atom playing a decisive role. It is shown that a parameter ${u}_{min}[=\frac{\ensuremath{\nu}{\ensuremath{\nu}}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\Delta}E{a}_{0}}{(\ensuremath{\hbar}V)}]$ is quite useful for characterizing both of these QESCC processes in a unified way where $\ensuremath{\nu}(\ensuremath{\simeq}{\ensuremath{\nu}}^{\ensuremath{'}})$ is an effective principal quantum number of the initial (final) state, $\ensuremath{\Delta}E$ is an energy defect, and VVV is a relative velocity. It is theoretically found that higher-angular-momentum states are dominantly populated in the final channel of these QESCC processes with $1<{u}_{min}\ensuremath{\lesssim}\ensuremath{\nu}$ such as in the nnn- and lll-changing collision of Rb∗∗(ns)+He{\mathrm{Rb}}^{**}(\mathrm{ns})+\mathrm{He}Rb∗∗(ns)+He. This is in contrast with the uniform distribution over the final angular-momentum states for the usual lll-changing processes, i.e., ${u}_{min}\ensuremath{\lesssim}1$. The calculated cross sections of these QESCC processes with $1<{u}_{min}\ensuremath{\lesssim}\ensuremath{\nu}$ are found to be in reasonable agreement with experimental findings available at present.
We have extensively investigated quasielastic state-changing collisions (QESCC) of high-Rydberg atoms with rare-gas atoms including Kr and Xe based on the free-electron model. Theoretical results are compared with recent experimental findings for 25\ensuremath{\lesssim}n\ensuremath{\lesssim}48. It has been found that they explain almost all existing experimental data on the QESCC for high n available at present consistently and in a unified way. More detailed analyses concerning the higher-order term of the free-electron model show that there is still some discrepancy among the existing experimental data on the QESCC.
A theoretical model for the collision of atoms in high Rydberg states (nl) with neutral atoms or molecules is proposed, based on the assumption that the electron-perturber interaction is of very short range compared with the mean radius of the Rydberg atom. A semiclassical method is used to derive a compact expression for the collision probability. The calculations need total cross sections for the scattering of a free and low-energy electron by the perturber. The model is applied to the calculation of a free and low-energy electron by the perturber. The model is applied to the calculation of cross sections for the quenching of n 2 D or n 2 F Rydberg states of Na and Rb by rare-gas atoms of N 2 . On the whole the calculated cross sections are in reasonable agreement with experimental data for n>10 approximately. The model and the results of the calculations are discussed and compared with other theoretical works.
The title processes are theoretically investigated based on the model in which an excited Rydberg electron behaves as if it were 'free' and slow, with its interaction with the rare-gas atom playing a decisive role. The cross sections of l-changing collisions of the Rydberg atoms with the rare-gas atoms are evaluated for small angular momentum changes. They are compared with experimental data available at present, under the assumption that there is no selection rule for the distribution over the final angular momentum states of the Rydberg atom, and are found to be consistent with experimental findings. The relation between this approach and some others is examined. The possibility of learning about low-energy electron-rare-gas collisions from refined experimental data on the title processes is briefly discussed.
The resonant mechanism of interaction of alkaline-earth atoms having a low electron affinity to Rydberg atoms in circular (l = |m| = n–1) and near-circular states has been studied. To describe the dynamics of resonant processes accompanied by nonadiabatic transitions between ionic and Rydberg covalent terms of a quasimolecule, an approach based on the integration of coupled equations for the probability amplitudes has been developed taking into account the possibility of the decay of an anion in the Coulomb field of the positive ionic core of a highly excited atom. The approach involves the specific features of the problem associated with the structure of the wavefunction of a Rydberg electron in states with high orbital angular momenta l ~ n–1. This approach provides a much more accurate description of the dynamics of electronic transitions at collisions between atoms than that within the modified semiclassical Landau–Zener model. In addition, this approach makes it possible to effectively take into account many channels of the problem. The cross sections for resonant quenching of Rydberg states of the Li(nlm) atom with given principal n, orbital l = n–1, and magnetic m quantum numbers at thermal collisions with the Ca(4s 2) and Sr(5s 2) atoms have been calculated. The dependences of the results on n, m, and angle α between the relative velocity of the atoms and the normal to the plane of the orbit of the Rydberg electron have been obtained. The influence of orientational effects on the efficiency of the collisional destruction of circular and near-circular states has been studied. The results indicate a higher stability of such states to their perturbations by neutral particles as compared to usually studied nl states with low values of l (l ≪ n).