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Optics Communications

Violation of Bell's inequalities with parametric down-conversion

S. M. Tan, Daniel F. Walls

Published May 1, 1989• 22 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0030-4018(89)90434-3

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We report a violation of Bell's inequality using one photon from a parametric down-conversion source and a second photon from an attenuated laser beam. The two photons were entangled at a beam splitter using the postselection technique of Shih and Alley [Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 2921 (1988)]]. A quantum interference pattern with a visibility of 91% was obtained using the photons from these independent sources, as compared with a visibility of 99.4% using two photons from a central parametric down-conversion source.
In the last few years the parametric down-conversion of light has attracted the attention of the researchers in foundations of quantum physics. The photons that come out from the non-linear crystal are highly correlated in many variables. One of the most important consequences of entanglement is the possibility of violating the so called Einstein locality expressed in Bell's inequality. In general factorizable state vectors do not violate Bell's inequality, but we will show that the factorizable state vector produced with a beam-splitter set on the paths of parametric down-conversion photons violates a new inequality that can be deduced from local realism. This inequality is more stringent than those used up to now to test the locality.
We use a tunable quantum interference in type-II parametric down-conversion to construct two-photon quantum states that exhibit less-than-maximal, and tunable, violations of Bell-type inequalities. These states, no longer singlet-state analogs, possess an interference term of controllable magnitude that we adjust by tuning the measurement bandwidth. We show violations of two Bell-type inequalities in polarization variables, one more general than the other. We use these tunable violations to probe the threshold degree of interference that must be present to generate a violation, using an appropriate quantitative figure of merit.