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International Conference on Network Applications, Protocols and Services (NETAPPS)

Implementation of BB84 Protocol on 802.11i

Nur Hanani Kamarul Aizan, Zuriati Ahmad Zukarnain, Hishamuddin B Zainuddin

Published Sep 1, 2010• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum key distribution is a new method in key distribution system in cryptography used to transmit secret key between two legitimate parties. This method is an invention in quantum cryptography as part of quantum mechanics which solves the key distribution's problem in cryptosystem by providing a secure communication channel between two parties with absolute security guaranteed by the laws of physics. Communication not only occurred in wired medium but also in wireless medium. WLAN as a wireless medium are much noisier and less reliable in general than wired mediums. This type of noise will generate different numbers of key length and also different level of error rate estimation. Thus, how much secure of the data could be protected on wireless communication? In this study, we implement BB84 protocol on 802.11i wireless local area network (WLAN) to show the affect of noise and eavesdropper could make the data transmission is much secure in wireless medium. In our study shows that implementation of BB84 in 802.11i is able to secure the key distribution from being stealing by the third party.

DOI
10.1109/netapps.2010.31

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Quantum key distribution is a new method in key distribution system in cryptography used to transmit secret key between two legitimate parties. This method is an invention in quantum cryptography as part of quantum mechanics which solves the key distribution's problem in cryptosystem by providing a secure communication channel between two parties with absolute security guaranteed by the laws of physics. Communication not only occurred in wired medium but also in wireless medium. WLAN as a wireless medium are much noisier and less reliable in general than wired mediums. This type of noise will generate different numbers of key length and also different level of error rate estimation. Thus, how much secure of the data could be protected on wireless communication? In this study, we implement BB84 protocol on 802.11i wireless local area network (WLAN) to show the affect of noise and eavesdropper could make the data transmission is much secure in wireless medium. In our study shows that implementation of BB84 in 802.11i is able to secure the key distribution from being stealing by the third party.
A quantum key distribution (QKD) system produced shared secret key and transmitted the key between the sender and receiver in a highly secured transmission. QKD uses the fundamental of quantum properties of a single photon to provide a secured communication channel with absolute security guaranteed by the laws of physics. This research has developed a simulator software for BB84 and B92 protocols which implemented both protocols in 802.11i WLAN environment. The parameters used for this research are with attack and without attack, where measured by three measurements for both protocols which are final key length, expected key length by eavesdropper and error rate estimation. The 802.11i WLAN is consider as insecure because the tendency to be intercepted by intruders is high. Furthermore, the interference from other consumer devices such as cordless phone and microwave can contribute to degradation of WLAN performance. This type of noise can generate different numbers of final key length and different levels of error rate estimation. Thus, the level of the error rate estimation determined the secrecy of the secret key. The discussion of security issue between BB84 and B92 protocols also discussed in terms of secrecy and strength of the secret key between both protocols in 802.11i WLAN.
Quantum cryptography is basically based on a trusted channel in communication between two parties compared to classical channel. Recently, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD has become more secure transmission method used to transmit secret key between two legitimate parties. This paper discusses the implementation of QKD protocol (BB84 protocol), which is widely used today. The implementation simulates the communication of two parties who wish to share a secret key with the existing of eavesdropper. The existing of eavesdropper is simulated with two kinds of attacks, which is use as parameter to measure the length of final key agreed by both authenticated parties at the end of the communication. This paper also discuss about future works to fully implement the shared secret key.
Abstract — There are a large variety of kinds of mobile wireless networks, Wi-Fi, based on the IEEE 802.11 standard, is a wireless local area network, mainly used in offices and campus at universities or in meeting rooms. For such limited coverage area, IEEE 802.11 standard may be observed as building oriented environment, which potentially offers a chance to let quantum key distribution (QKD) play a role in the security of wireless communications. In fact, secured data transmission is one of the prime aspects of wireless networks as they are much more vulnerable to security attacks. We can explore the possibility of using Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) for authentication and data encryption for IEEE 802.11 standard. Quantum key distribution is based on the laws of quantum physics which ensure that nobody can measure a state of an arbitrary polarized photon carrying information without introducing disturbances which will be detected by the legitimate user. In the new protocol (BB84) the existing 4-way handshake of IEEE 802.11 has been replaced with the QKD based 4-phase handshake. In the BB84 protocol each photons carry only one bits. So to improve the efficiency in Efficient High Capacity Quantum Cryptography based Key Distribution in WI-FI Network each photons carry two bits. The channels used in the QKD are quantum channel and classical channel. The polarized photons are transmitted through the quantum channel and the classical channel deals with recovering identical secrete keys at both ends. The classical channel comprises of four stages, namely Sifting, Error Estimation, Reconciliation and Privacy Amplification. The Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER) is the measurement of the error probability in the key distributed via the quantum channel. This value allows the users to
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is an ingenious application of quantum mechanics in information field. Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is gaining popularity as they are fast, cost effective, flexible and easy to use. They are, however, faced with some serious security challenges and the choice of security protocol is a critical issue for IT. In this paper, it analyzes the IEEE 802.11i wireless networking amendment with respect to data confidentiality, integrity, mutual authentication and availability. It provides novel high-performance quantum cryptography architectures in IEEE 802.11 WLAN by establishing a quantum key over a long distance. The supplicant sends qubits to the authenticator server by sharing EPR. Compared with the classical network architecture, it is proved in theory that an eavesdropper (Eve) invariably introduces errors within communication network if it wants to gain useful information. Quantum cryptography guarantees the security of the network.
Quantum cryptography is an emerging technology in which two parties may simultaneously generate shared, secret cryptographic key material using the transmission of quantum states of light. Key distribution is the problem of classical cryptography algorithm, and tends to provide safe channel to transport key. Quantum cryptography could distribute key in quantum channel. Eavesdropper can not access to key on quantum channel. If Eve attack on quantum channel QBER increases and she is detected. While the application of quantum cryptography in fiber network has significant advances, research on the application of quantum cryptography in mobile networks is still premature. In this paper, we analyze the interests of using quantum technique for the distribution of encryption keys in 802.11 wireless networks. We also propose a scheme for the combination of quantum cryptography and 802.11i security mechanisms for the establishment of the PTK (Pairwise Transient Key).
The dynamic nature of digital communication, and data transmission security have assumed paramount importance. Once thought to be impenetrable by quantum computers, traditional encryption methods now need quantum-safe cryptographic alternatives. One such revolutionary development is the BB84 Protocol, a quantum key distribution mechanism based on quantum physics. BB84 utilizes the particles' quantum features to guarantee the safety of the key exchange and make eavesdropping almost impossible. To secure the security of transmitted data, BB84 relies on single-photon sources, which emit single photons. The BB84-inspired Quantum Key Distribution Protocols are now the backbone of quantum cryptography. The production of cryptographic keys between distant parties is made possible by these protocols, allowing for a safe line of communication even in the face of quantum adversaries. To counteract the growing processing capability of quantum computers, quantum cryptography methods were developed. Quantum Key Distribution, which has its roots in BB84, is leading the road for post-quantum secure communication. These protocols offer a future where data privacy and security reign, guaranteeing the secrecy of digital communication in an increasingly linked world by harnessing the complex features of quantum particles and the strength of BB84.