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Physical Review Letters

Coherent population trapping states of a system interacting with quantized fields and the production of the photon statistics matched fields

G. S. Agarwal

Published Aug 30, 1993• 101 citations
Publisher

Abstract

I calculate the coherent population trapping states of a three-level system interacting with two quantized fields. I show that such trapping states have novel properties. For example, I show that the trapping states for a \ensuremath{\Lambda} system involve the production of radiation fields with matched photon statistics. I discuss a method for producing these trapping states. For a ladder system, the trapping states even lead to the nonclassical character of the radiation fields.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.71.1351

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I calculate the coherent population trapping states of a three-level system interacting with two quantized fields. I show that such trapping states have novel properties. For example, I show that the trapping states for a \ensuremath{\Lambda} system involve the production of radiation fields with matched photon statistics. I discuss a method for producing these trapping states. For a ladder system, the trapping states even lead to the nonclassical character of the radiation fields.
Coherent population trapping (CPT) in a three-level system in the Λ configuration interacting with two quantized fields is studied. It is shown that, in addition to the known trapping states of the field involving ordinary coherent states of each mode, SU(2) coherent states associated with the Schwinger realization are also field states that give rise to CPT for this system. In addition it is pointed out that superpositions of such states, and statistical mixtures of them, for different total photon numbers also give rise to CPT. The stability of the CPT states against decay of the cavity field modes is examined. CPT is preserved if the modes decay at the same rate. A possible method for generating statistical mixtures of the SU(2) coherent states is described.
We have studied the atomic coherent population trapping in the system of a two-mode quantized field interacting with a Λ-configuration multilevel atom with one lower discrete state and two sets of quasicontinuum states, or a set of quasicontinuum states and a set of true continuum states. The influence of the atom's initial preparation and the properties of the atomic upper levels on whether or not atomic coherent population trapping occurs, and the states of the field which trap the atom are analyzed.
We study the behavior of two quantized fields interacting with atoms in a coherent population-trapped state. It has recently been shown that such a system generates fields with matched envelopes as well as matched photon statistics. These effects have an important consequence: the matching of any excess noise input at the two channels of the system. We explicitly show the generation of correlated excess noise by a population-trapped atomic system and how this effect may be used to suppress the excess noise and enhance the carrier-to-noise ratio of optical sources.
Coherent trapping in three level lambda and ladder systems is examined for the case of two fluctuating laser fields with unequal bandwidths, obtained by frequency multiplying methods. The inclusion of uncorrelated laser fields destroys trapping and washes out the narrow coherence hole in the fluorescent intensity. However, if the fields are positively critically cross-correlated, the relevant atomic coherences in lambda systems are much less affected by the laser fluctuations. A significant degree of trapping re-occurs and the narrow coherence hole is largely restored. An enhancement of the destruction of coherent trapping occurs in ladder systems. An application of the theory to molecular photodissociation is discussed.
A three-level system driven by two coherent fields on two-photon resonance leads to the trapping of population in a superposition of initial and final states which is immune to further photoexcitation, manifesting itself in a narrow coherence minimum in the absorption spectrum. The authors analyse the effects of laser field bandwidths and cross-correlations on these phenomena. They find that the inclusion of laser bandwidths dephases atomic coherences which leads to the destruction of population trapping and of the narrow coherence minimum in the absorption spectrum. When the driving fields are not cross-correlated, the atomic coherences are similarly dephased in both lambda and ladder systems. If, however, the driving fields are critically cross-correlated, two-photon coherences in the lambda system are unaffected by laser fluctuations; trapping and the coherence minimum persist. For the ladder system, on the other hand, the cross-correlation does not restore the atomic coherences involved.