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Physical Review A

N-level atom andN-1modes: Statistical aspects and interaction with squeezed light

A.M. Abdel-Hafez, A.‐S. F. Obada, Mahmoud Ahmad

Published Feb 1, 1987• 65 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A model is presented to investigate the problem of interaction between an N-level atom and N-1 modes of the field. The model includes detuning. Constants of motion are obtained. The evolution operator is calculated, and the probability distribution function for the photon numbers is computed for different initial atomic states. The characteristic functions are computed. Different statistical quantities concerning the photons or the atomic system are given. The case of a three-level atom and two modes is considered for its different configurations. The phenomenon of collapses and revivals is discussed for squeezed light, and the effect of squeezing is shown in this phenomenon.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.35.1634

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A model is presented to investigate the problem of interaction between an N-level atom and N-1 modes of the field. The model includes detuning. Constants of motion are obtained. The evolution operator is calculated, and the probability distribution function for the photon numbers is computed for different initial atomic states. The characteristic functions are computed. Different statistical quantities concerning the photons or the atomic system are given. The case of a three-level atom and two modes is considered for its different configurations. The phenomenon of collapses and revivals is discussed for squeezed light, and the effect of squeezing is shown in this phenomenon.
We assume that an N -level moving atom interacts with an ( N − 1) mode electromagnetic cavity field. The model includes the detuning and the intensity-dependent coupling. The constants of motion and the wave function for the atomic system is obtained. Some statistical aspects of the considered atomic system such as momentum increment and momentum diffusion have been calculated. The influence of the initial mean photon number, the detuning parameter and the intensity dependent coupling on the momentum increment are investigated when the atom is initially in excited state and the field is in a squeezed state. It is found that the momentum of the atom is unchanged for large initial mean photon number.
In this paper, the problem of a three-level atom interacting with a single mode of the quantized electromagnetic cavity field is considered. The considered theoretical model describes the distinct configurations of a three-level atom. Also, this model includes a detuning and arbitrary forms of both the field and the intensity-dependent atom-field coupling. We obtain the general forms for both the constants of motion and the wavefunction when the atom is initially prepared in one of its states. We use this model for computing a number of statistical aspects of the three-level system. As an illustration, we use the model for studying the time evolution of the second-order correlation function when the atom is initially in an upper state and the field is considered in a coherent state.
The atomic system on which we focus is a single four-level atom interacting with two-mode cavity fields. We obtain the wavefunction when the atom is initially in an excited state. The result presented in this context is employed to discuss the collapses–revivals phenomenon, the photon statistics and frequency sum squeezing phenomenon. The influence of the detuning on these phenomena are investigated for two four-level atomic systems. We found that the presence of the detuning leads to an increase of the collapse time while the amount of squeezing decreases. Also, the photon statistics is affected by the existence of the detuning parameters where the anti-bunching effect appears.
Dynamics of a three-level atom interacting with one- and two-mode radiation fields is studied when the initial state of the field is a squeezed coherent state. All the three types of level configurations cascade; V and Lambda are considered. A model similar to the Jaynes-Cumming type developed by Yoo and Eberly1 is used. Various parameter ranges including the one in which the photon number distribution for the squeezed state exhibits oscillatory behavior2 are considered. Interesting revival structures are seen. Curves are presented to illustrate the behavior.
We investigate some of the fundamental features of the interaction of squeezed light with two-level atoms in the framework of the Jaynes-Cummings model. We start our analysis by calculating the collapses and revivals of the atomic inversion. We discuss the degree of purity of the field (given by the entropy) and its disentanglement from the atomic source. The connection with the evolution of the Q-function is also made. We notice that contrary to the coherent state case, the field turns into a nearly pure (squeezed) state at the revival time as if the field was prepared in a coherent state. The field also becomes a superposition of squeezed states at half of the revival time, and this is confirmed by investigating the photon number distribution. The phase properties of the field are discussed using the Pegg-Barnett formalism.