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Applied Physics B

Control mechanism of atomic ionization and high-order harmonic generation assisted by attosecond pulses

H. C. Lee, Tsin-Fu Jiang

Published Oct 29, 2012• 2 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s00340-012-5229-9

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The advent of subfemtosecond or attosecond light pulses will open new fields of \nextreme nonlinear optics. Recently, experimental results on the production and \nmeasurement of a single 250-asec pulse were reported by Krausz et al [1]. This opens \nup new possibilities for studying and controlling electron dynamics in atoms and \nmolecules in asee time scale. Recently, Drescher et.al [2] has demonstrated that a \nlaser-based sampling system, consisting of a few-femtosecond visible light pulse and a \nasynchronized sub-femtosecond soft X-ray pulse, allows us to trace the relaxation \ndynamics directly in the time domain with attosecond resolution. Moreover, \nphotoionization and high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in molecular systems under \nthe action of combined infrared femtosecond and ultraviolet attosecond laser pulses \nwere investigated by Bandrauk and Shon [3]. It was shown that punctual "turn-on" of an \nasee pulse can trigger the ionization process, which in turn leads to significant \nenhancement of HHG. Despite the extensive work in this area, propagation of \nsubfemtosecond laser pulse has rarely been investigated.
We experimentally demonstrate that atomic orbital parity mix interferences can be temporally controlled on an attosecond time scale. Electron wave packets are formed by ionizing argon gas with a comb of odd and even high-order harmonics, in the presence of a weak infrared field. Consequently, a mix of energy-degenerate even and odd parity states is fed in the continuum by one- and two-photon transitions. These interfere, leading to an asymmetric electron emission along the polarization vector. The direction of the emission can be controlled by varying the time delay between the comb and infrared field pulses. We show that such asymmetric emission provides information on the relative phase of consecutive odd and even order harmonics in the attosecond pulse train.
High-order harmonic generation (HHG) provides a broad spectral bandwidth for synthesizing attosecond pulses. However, in the current HHG schemes, only part of the harmonics can be phase-locked, which limits the ability to achieve shorter attosecond pulses. Here, we study attosecond pulse synthesis from HHG of an atom driven by an intense quantum light, i.e., squeezed light. It is interestingly found that the harmonics in the whole spectrum can be phase-locked and, by using these harmonics, the width of the synthesized attosecond pulse is greatly reduced. By developing strong-field approximation theory in squeezed light, the physics of the phase-locked harmonic generation throughout the HHG spectrum is revealed and is found to be independent of the target system. Furthermore, we uncover the dependence of the synthesized attosecond pulse width on the squeezing parameter of the squeezed light. Our findings provide a robust tool for obtaining phase-locked harmonics throughout the HHG spectrum for synthesizing short attosecond pulses.