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International Conference on Quantum Information

Experimental Hyperentanglement-assisted Bell-State Analysis

Julio T. Barreiro, Tzu-Chieh Wei, Paul G. Kwiat

Published Jan 1, 2007• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Utilizing photons entangled independently in every degree of freedom, or “hyperentangled”, we realize complete and deterministic Bell-state analysis with only linear optics and single-photon interference. We also investigate the limits of Bell-state analysis of hyperentangled states.
DOI
10.1364/icqi.2007.jwc29

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We propose a simple scheme for complete Bell-state measurement of photons using hyperentangled states---entangled in multiple degrees of freedom. In addition to hyperentanglement, our scheme requires only linear optics and single photon detectors, and is realizable with current technology. At the cost of additional classical communication, our Bell-state measurement can be implemented nonlocally. We discuss the possible application of these results to quantum dense coding and quantum teleportation.
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A complete and deterministic Bell state measurement was realized by a simple linear optics experimental scheme which adopts two-photon polarization-momentum hyperentanglement. The scheme, which is based on the discrimination among the single photon Bell states of the hyperentangled state, requires the adoption of standard single photon detectors. The four polarization Bell states have been measured with average fidelity $F=0.889\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.010$ by using the linear momentum degree of freedom as the ancilla. The feasibility of the scheme has been characterized as a function of the purity of momentum entanglement.
We present a technique for hyperentangled Bell-state analysis that only relies on linear optics and is assisted by auxiliary entangled states. This technique can be used to implement hyperdense coding with an experimentally realizable two-photon state hyperentangled in polarization and two longitudinal-momentum degrees of freedom. The 16 hyperentangled states in the first two degrees of freedom are classified into 12 groups with the help of the third degree of freedom. This allows the transmission of 3.58 bits/photon via our hyperdense coding scheme. We also generalize our technique to nnn-qubit hyperentangled Bell-state analysis assisted by additional auxiliary entangled states. We show that given nnn degrees of freedom, the 4n{4}^{n}4n hyperentangled Bell states can be separated via linear optics into ${x}_{k}={2}^{n+k+1}\ensuremath{-}{2}^{2k}$ groups with the help of $k\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}(k\ensuremath{\le}n)$ ancillary entangled states. When k=nk=nk=n, all 4n{4}^{n}4n hyperentangled states can be distinguished. Our results are useful for quantum information processing based on hyperentanglement.
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