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International Conference on Quantum Information

Polar Molecules and Circuit QED: Towards Hybrid Quantum Computing

Peter Rabl, David P. DeMille, John M. Doyle, Mikhail D. Lukin, R. J. Schoelkopf, P. Zoller

Published Jan 1, 2008• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Qubits encoded in longlived rotational states of polar molecules interact strongly with single photons of a superconducting stripline cavity. We discuss potential applications of such a hybrid device for quantum information processing.
DOI
10.1364/icqi.2008.qmc1

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Bulletin of the American Physical Society•Jan 9, 2013•0 citations
We investigate a hybrid quantum circuit where ensembles of cold polar molecules serve as long-lived quantum memories and optical interfaces for solid state quantum processors. The quantum memory realized by collective spin states (ensemble qubit) is coupled to a high-Q stripline cavity via microwave Raman processes. We show that, for convenient trap-surface distances of a few microm, strong coupling between the cavity and ensemble qubit can be achieved. We discuss basic quantum information protocols, including a swap from the cavity photon bus to the molecular quantum memory, and a deterministic two qubit gate. Finally, we investigate coherence properties of molecular ensemble quantum bits.
The challenge of building a scalable quantum processor requires consolidation of the conflicting requirements of achieving coherent control and preservation of quantum coherence in a large scale quantum system. Moreover, the system should be compatible with miniaturization and integration of quantum circuits. Mesoscopic solid state systems such as superconducting islands and quantum dots feature robust control techniques using local electrical signals and self-evident scaling based on advances in fabrication; however, in general the quantum states of solid state devices tend to decohere rapidly. In contrast, quantum optical systems based on trapped ions and neutral atoms exhibit dramatically better coherence properties, while miniaturization of atomic and molecular systems, and their integration with mesoscopic electrical circuits, remains an important challenge. Below we describe methods for the integration of a single particle system -- an isolated polar molecule -- with mesoscopic solid state devices in a way that produces robust, coherent, quantum-level control. The methods described include the trapping, cooling, detection, coherent manipulation and quantum coupling of isolated polar molecules at sub-micron dimensions near cryogenic stripline microwave resonators. We show that electrostatically trapped polar molecules can exhibit strong confinement and fast, purely electrical gate control. Furthermore, the effect of electrical noise sources, a key issue in quantum information processing, can be suppressed to very low levels via appropriate preparation and manipulation of the polar molecules. Our setup provides a scalable cavity QED-type quantum computer architecture, where entanglement of distant qubits stored in long-lived rotational molecular states is achieved via exchange of microwave photons.
We describe the integration of polar molecules with mesoscopic solid state devices in a way that produces robust, coherent, quantum‐level control with applications for quantum information processing. The exceptional features of polar molecules, i.e. long‐lived rotational states in combination with electric dipole moments of several Debye, provide the necessary ingredients to achieve strong coupling to the quantized field of a high‐Q microwave cavity. We discuss two scenarios, where quantum information is stored either in rotational states of a single molecule or in collective spin excitation of an ensemble of molecules. In the latter case we benefit from an enhanced coupling strength, which allows a coherent transfer of quantum information between molecules and solid state qubits.
We propose to use a single mesoscopic ensemble of trapped polar molecules for quantum computing. A "holographic quantum register" with hundreds of qubits is encoded in collective excitations with definite spatial phase variations. Each phase pattern is uniquely addressed by optical Raman processes with classical optical fields, while one- and two-qubit gates and qubit readout are accomplished by transferring the qubit states to a stripline microwave cavity field and a Cooper pair box where controllable two-level unitary dynamics and detection is governed by classical microwave fields.
Over the last decade and a half, superconducting circuits have advanced to the point where we can generate and detect highly-entangled states, and perform universal quantum gates. Meanwhile, the coherence properties of these systems have improved more than 10,000-fold. I will describe recent experiments, such as the latest advance in coherence using a three-dimensional implementation of qubits interacting with microwave cavities, called “3D circuit QED.” The control and strong interactions possible in superconducting circuits make it possible to generate non-classical states of light, including large superpositions known as “Schrodinger cat” states. This field has many interesting prospects both for applications in quantum information processing, and fundamental investigations of the boundary between the macroscopic classical world and the microscopic world of the quantum.