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Optics Communications

The dye laser and laser with a saturable absorber: A comparison of the time-dependent density matrix equations

Rajarshi Roy

Published Jul 1, 1979• 9 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0030-4018(79)90050-6

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Many quantum optical systems exhibit first-order phase transition analogy.1 Fluctuations of the optical field in such systems are due to spontaneous emission noise. The nature of these fluctuations for various systems has been discussed using various approaches. Fully quantum mechanical and Langevin equation treatments have been given for the dye laser2,3 and the laser with a saturable absorber (LSA) with homogeneously broadened media.2,4 For inhomogeneously broadened media, such treatments are either valid for low intensities or do not fully take into account the effect of quantum noise.5 In this contribution we present a fully quantum mechanical treatment for the LSA with an inhomogeneously broadened absorber using the Foch state representation of the density matrix.2,6

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Photon distributions of lasers with first-order phase-transition analogies

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The photon-number distributions for a laser with a saturable-absorber and a dye laser are obtained by extensions of the Scully and Lamb optical-maser theory. The results are shown to be in correspondence with those of Lugiato et al. for the saturable-absorber laser and with those of Schaefer and Willis for the dye laser. Moreover, they are in a form which clearly shows the relation between the saturable-absorber laser and the dye laser. The thermodynamic potentials for the first-order phase-transition analogy are calculated and are found to be of the form predicted by Scott, Sargent, and Cantrell using semiclassical equations.

Physical Review A•Nov 1, 1979•20 citations
Many quantum optical systems exhibit first-order phase transition analogy.1 Fluctuations of the optical field in such systems are due to spontaneous emission noise. The nature of these fluctuations for various systems has been discussed using various approaches. Fully quantum mechanical and Langevin equation treatments have been given for the dye laser2,3 and the laser with a saturable absorber (LSA) with homogeneously broadened media.2,4 For inhomogeneously broadened media, such treatments are either valid for low intensities or do not fully take into account the effect of quantum noise.5 In this contribution we present a fully quantum mechanical treatment for the LSA with an inhomogeneously broadened absorber using the Foch state representation of the density matrix.2,6
The effects of multifrequency-mode laser radiation on polarization-spectroscopy signal generation are investigated by direct numerical integration of the time-dependent density-matrix equations. The numerical solution of the density-matrix equations allows us to incorporate a physically reasonable model for pulsed dye-laser radiation in our analysis of the laser–resonance interaction. The laser radiation is modeled as the sum of electric fields from a finite number of modes that are assumed to have random pulse-to-pulse phases and exponentially distributed amplitudes. Calculations are performed for a homogeneously broadened resonance (only collisional broadening) and for a resonance that is both collision and Doppler broadened. The effect of the multimode laser radiation on polarization-spectroscopy line shapes and saturation curves is investigated for different values of the laser bandwidth and mode spacing and resonance collision and Doppler widths. The saturation parameter for the resonance is strongly dependent on the ratio of the laser bandwidth to the resonance collision width when the laser bandwidth is greater than the collision width. The pulse-to-pulse fluctuations in polarization-spectroscopy signal levels are found to decrease substantially for saturating pump intensities. The inclusion of the multimode laser structure into our density-matrix equations represents a significant advance in modeling the nonlinear interaction of laser radiation with atomic or molecular resonances.
The photon-number distributions for a laser with a saturable-absorber and a dye laser are obtained by extensions of the Scully and Lamb optical-maser theory. The results are shown to be in correspondence with those of Lugiato et al. for the saturable-absorber laser and with those of Schaefer and Willis for the dye laser. Moreover, they are in a form which clearly shows the relation between the saturable-absorber laser and the dye laser. The thermodynamic potentials for the first-order phase-transition analogy are calculated and are found to be of the form predicted by Scott, Sargent, and Cantrell using semiclassical equations.