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Quantum Electronics

Study of the phase component of an inverse population grating in a flashlamp-pumped Nd:YAlO3crystal

V V Tumorin, Nikolai N Il'ichev

Published Oct 31, 2005• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The relation between the phase and amplitude components of an inverse population grating in a Nd:YAlO 3 crystal is studied for different polarisations of probe radiation and under different conditions of flashlamp pumping. It is shown that temperature refractive-index gratings play a significant role in degenerate multiwave interactions in a saturated laser medium.

DOI
10.1070/qe2005v035n10abeh008994

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Real part of resonant susceptibility and refractive index grating formation in inverted Nd:YAG

Oleg L. Antipov, A.S. Kuzhelev, Dmitry V. Chausov +3 more

Absence of full knowledge on resonant susceptibility (RS) of laser crystals leads to underestimation of different nonlinear optical effects (such as holorgraphic grating formation and others) which are very important for understanding the complicated laser dynamics and construction of new laser architectures. In the majority of previous experiments the resonant wave mixings (using nonlinearity of saturation of the working transition) in inverted Nd:YAG are explained by the gain grating (GG) formation (sec. for example. [1]). On the other hand, it is well known, that pumped and unpumped laser crystals have different refractive indexes due to difference in polarizability of excited and unexcited Nd3 ions [2,3]. However. various investigation methods provide different values of the polarizability difference varying from 4.10−3nm3 [2] to 9.10−4 nm3 [3] for the well-studied Nd-dopcd materials.

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)•Jan 1, 1998•0 citations
The relation between the phase and amplitude components of an inverse population grating in a Nd:YAlO 3 crystal is studied for different polarisations of probe radiation and under different conditions of flashlamp pumping. It is shown that temperature refractive-index gratings play a significant role in degenerate multiwave interactions in a saturated laser medium.
A polarising interferometer was used to investigate changes in the refractive index of an Nd:YAG laser crystal associated with changes in the populations of the electronic energy levels characterised by different polarisabilities. The study was carried out on diode-pumped crystals as well as on crystals which were flashlamp-pumped under conditions of saturation of the gain experienced by the optical beam. The changes in the refractive index depended nonlinearly on the pump power. The ratio of the real and imaginary parts of the nonlinear susceptibility of an Nd:YAG laser amplifier was determined: this ratio rose from 0.2 to 1.2 when the gain increased from 0.2 to 0.45 cm -1 .
The formation of gratings accompanying a population grating in a flash-lamp pumped Nd:YAG laser amplifier has been studied by using both nondegenerate and degenerate four-wave mixing techniques. In our investigations the grating of population inversion was induced by optical waves at 1064 nm. The refractive index grating caused by the population grating was read by an optical wave at another wavelength (1054 nm or 694 nm) in nondegenerate four-wave mixing experiments. In the degenerate four-wave mixing experiments the total grating, i.e. the sum of the refractive index and gain gratings, was read by resonant wave (at 1064 nm wavelength). The dependence of the ratio of real and imaginary parts of the resonant susceptibility of Nd:YAG at 1064 nm on the pump power has been determined through comparison of experimental results and numerical calculations.
Summary form only given. The authors experimental and theoretical investigations confirmed existence of refractive index grating (RIG) accompanied by population grating in inverted Nd:YAG laser. This result is in good agreement with our recent investigations of degenerate two-wave mixing and stimulated resonant backscattering of the optical beam in Nd:YAG laser amplifiers. The RIG in inverted Nd:YAG must be taken into account for understanding the nonlinear interactions of optical waves in laser amplifiers and oscillators.
Mechanisms of a change in the refractive index appearing in an intensely diode-pumped Yb:YAG-laser disk element are studied with the help of polarisation interferometry and dynamic grating testing. It is found that changes in the electronic component of the refractive index arising upon changing the populations of electronic levels of Yb 3+ ions (the ground 2 F 7/2 state and the upper 2 F 5/2 level of the laser transition) and caused by the difference in the polarisability of these levels are an order of magnitude greater than thermal changes in the refractive index. It is shown that the difference Δ p in the polarisability at the probe wavelength of 633 nm is 1.9 × 10 -26 cm 3 and at the laser transition wavelength of 1029 nm is 1.6 × 10 -26 cm 3 .
Absence of full knowledge on resonant susceptibility (RS) of laser crystals leads to underestimation of different nonlinear optical effects (such as holorgraphic grating formation and others) which are very important for understanding the complicated laser dynamics and construction of new laser architectures. In the majority of previous experiments the resonant wave mixings (using nonlinearity of saturation of the working transition) in inverted Nd:YAG are explained by the gain grating (GG) formation (sec. for example. [1]). On the other hand, it is well known, that pumped and unpumped laser crystals have different refractive indexes due to difference in polarizability of excited and unexcited Nd3 ions [2,3]. However. various investigation methods provide different values of the polarizability difference varying from 4.10−3nm3 [2] to 9.10−4 nm3 [3] for the well-studied Nd-dopcd materials.