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Optics Express

Photon coincidences in spontaneous parametric down-converted radiation excited by a blue LED in bulk LiIO_3 crystal

Justinas Galinis, Michał Karpiński, G. Tamošauskas, Krzysztof Dobek, A. Piskarskas

Published May 11, 2011• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report on experimental and numerical investigation of two-photon coincidence properties of the parametric spontaneous down-converted field excited by a high brightness blue LED in bulk lithium iodate crystal. Ratio of up to 11.5% of coincidence, which cannot be attributed to classical coincidences, to single photon counts was recorded at the outputs of multimode fibers, demonstrating well-preserved biphoton property. This result, combined with practically useful power of the source, suggests its possible application for a class of quantum experiments.

DOI
10.1364/oe.19.010351

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We report on experimental and numerical investigation of two-photon coincidence properties of the parametric spontaneous down-converted field excited by a high brightness blue LED in bulk lithium iodate crystal. Ratio of up to 11.5% of coincidence, which cannot be attributed to classical coincidences, to single photon counts was recorded at the outputs of multimode fibers, demonstrating well-preserved biphoton property. This result, combined with practically useful power of the source, suggests its possible application for a class of quantum experiments.
We report on the measurement of photon coincidence and photon number statistics of the spontaneous parametric down-converted radiation excited by incoherent pump. A high ratio of photon coincidences in case of multimode acquisition suggests that the present technique may find application in quantum experiments. Experimental and numerical simulation results confirmed that the coincidence ratio in a photon counting experiment is tightly coupled to the coherence of the pump beam. An experiment on verification of statistical properties of the down-converted radiation allowed us to evaluate the afterpulse generation probability of the photon counters.
Beamlike twin-photon generation by use of type II spontaneous parametric downconversion is demonstrated. The intensity distribution of each beam is round, and the emission angle is very small (0.9 degrees ). As a result, a high coincidence-count rate per unit of pump power was recorded. The ratio of coincidence-count rate to single-count rate was estimated to be 80% in this experiment. These features suggest that this method is useful for generation of a single-photon state and is applicable to bright, entangled twin-photon sources.
It is well established that spontaneous parametric down-conversion with induced coherence across two coupled interferometers results in high-visibility single-photon interference. We describe experiments in which additional photon channels are introduced such that "which-path" information is made possible and the fringe visibility in single-photon interference is reduced in accordance with basic notions of complementarity. However, these additional pathways result in nearly perfect visibility when photons are counted in coincidence. A simplified theoretical model accounts for these observations and attributes them directly to the vacuum fields at the different crystals.
We study conditions for the generation of strongly correlated photons of two extremely different frequency ranges, optical and terahertz, via the spontaneous parametric down-conversion effect in a nonlinear medium. Analytical expressions for the correlation function are derived using equations of the generalized Kirchhoff law for the second-order field moments with account of both classical thermal and quantum vacuum field fluctuations, possible inherent absorption of the medium at terahertz frequencies, and angular divergences of signal and idler radiation caused by a transverse limited spatial profile of the Gaussian pump beam. Associated with the current absence of terahertz photon counting detectors and coincidence schemes, the possible experimental limitations in measuring the second-order optical-terahertz field correlations are studied. Numerical calculations of noncollinear eee-geometry parametric down-conversion in a Mg:LiNbO3\mathrm{Mg}:\mathrm{LiNb}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}Mg:LiNbO3​ crystal demonstrate angular characteristics, particular features of the temperature and spectral behavior of the second-order quantum correlation function of optical-terahertz biphotons.
Type-II parametric down conversion in nonlinear optical crystals has turned out to be one of the most powerful methods to generate entangled photon pairs, and even allowed a large set of experiments on foundations of quantum mechanics and recent applications in quantum communication. In this paper, we present an experimental investigation of the emission characteristics for down-converted photons in order to investigate the possibility of high brightness sources for correlated photon pairs. Furthermore, we discuss possible ways to increase the collection efficiency for polarization entangled photon pairs.